The following proposals passed:
Proposal 9: 3B.3 Rider Identification - change the rule
Committee: 3. Road RacingVote Summary:
Passed on March 19, 2025Votes on this proposal:
11 out of 14 voting members have voted.
Agree: 10, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 1.
Background
The numbers placed on the chest are often not visible to referees, not usable for foto finish and are annoying for the racers.
Proposal
OLD RULE
3B.3 Rider Identification
Riders must wear their race number(s) fixed at the four corners, clearly visible on their
chest and, when required, on their back so that it is visible during the race and as the rider
crosses the finish line. Riders must use the officially provided race number unmodified
in any manner. Numbers should not be folded, trimmed, or otherwise defaced. Referee
approval must be sought to modify a number plate if it cannot otherwise be attached
securely due to hydration pack, rider physique or posture when riding. Lost or damaged
race numbers must be replaced with approval by referee. Additionally, riders may be
required to wear a chip for electronic timing.
NEW RULE
3B.3 Rider Identification
3B.3.1 Race Numbers
Riders must wear their race number in accordance with the organizer's instructions so that it is clearly visible during the race and when crossing the finish line. The recommended position for the start number is on the back. Organizers may provide special race numbers for the helmet, arms or hips, so that the riders can be identified from the side during the race.
Riders must use the officially provided race number unmodified in any manner. Numbers should not be folded, trimmed, or otherwise defaced. Referee
approval must be sought to modify a race number if it cannot otherwise be attached securely due to hydration pack, rider physique or posture when riding. Lost or damaged race numbers must be replaced with approval by referee.
3B.3.2 Chips for Electronic Timing
Riders may be required to wear an electronic timing chip, as specified by the timing personnel. This chip may be attached, among other methods, as a disposable tag to the race number, which may have to be worn on the chest.
Body
The proposed rule require from riders to wear race number as required by the organizer.
Organizer has provided recommendation to use the number on the back and freedom to choose other methods of marking the rider including chips for timing.
References
Proposal 26: Minor typo in Section 15B.2, and an occasion to practice proposals and voting
Committee: 15. BasketballVote Summary:
Passed on April 29, 2025Votes on this proposal:
5 out of 9 voting members have voted.
Agree: 5, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.
Background
There is a missing point at the end of Section 15B.2.
Proposal
Section 15B.2
Add a point at the end of the sentence `The tire must not leave marks on the floor`.
Body
Typo
References
Proposal 12: 14D.3.3 Markings
Committee: 14. HockeyVote Summary:
Passed on April 04, 2025Votes on this proposal:
11 out of 12 voting members have voted.
Agree: 11, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.
Background
To make the distinction between the goal area and the rest of the playing field clearer, the 6.5m line shall be marked at the side walls.
Proposal
[...]The 6.5m lines are parallel to the goal lines and run through the 6.5m marks. The 6.5m lines shall be vertically marked on the barriers or walls of the playing field. The goal areas are between the 6.5m lines and the ends of the field.
Body
See discussion.
References
See also discussion here: https://iuf-rulebook-2022.committees.unicycling-software.com/discussions/71
Proposal 16: Captain identification
Committee: 14. HockeyVote Summary:
Passed on April 04, 2025Votes on this proposal:
11 out of 12 voting members have voted.
Agree: 9, Disagree: 1, Abstain: 1.
Background
Adding captain rule
Proposal
OLD
14B.2 Rider Identification
All players of a team must wear shirts of the same color. The color must be clearly
different from the opponent's color. At tournaments and other large events each team
should have two different colored sets of shirts.
NEW
14B.2 Rider Identification
All players of a team must wear shirts of the same color. The color must be clearly
different from the opponent's color. At tournaments and other large events each team
should have two different colored sets of shirts. One Captain shall be appointed by each team, and they alone shall be authorized to consult with the referees regarding any queries on rule interpretation. Change of the team captain shall only take place in case of injury, illness or penalty box for the remainder of the game. The team captain shall wear an armband, which shall be worn on the upper arm and be clearly visible.
Body
As above
References
Proposal 18: Adding another judge/official - 3C.1.5 Course Judge
Committee: 3. Road RacingVote Summary:
Passed on April 12, 2025Votes on this proposal:
8 out of 14 voting members have voted.
Agree: 7, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 1.
Background
In the discussion about the revision of rule 3C.1.2 Referee, it was noted that the use of the term judge could cause confusion, as there are normally no judges in road races, only course marshals. It is correct that neither one nor the other is currently defined in the rules. Since judges are the people along the course who supervise compliance with the rules and, if necessary, direct the riders in the right way, we should add a Jude for the road races.
Proposal
Old rule:
None
New Rule:
3C.1.5 Course Judge
1. The Course Judge observes the adherence to the corresponding competition rules during the race. Sufficient number of Course Judges are to be appointed according to the discipline to guarantee an adequate supervision of the adherence to the rules.
2. The Course Judge can be assigned the task of securing the race course and directing the riders to the correct way.
Body
Further information can be found in the corresponding discussion and in the discussion "Revise 3C.1.2 Referee"
References
Proposal 17: Revise 3C.1.1 Race Director
Committee: 3. Road RacingVote Summary:
Passed on April 12, 2025Votes on this proposal:
8 out of 14 voting members have voted.
Agree: 8, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.
Background
In the discussion about the revision of rule 3C.1.3 Starter, it was discussed to what extent the starter should explain the rules - the conclusion in the end was that a "race briefing" should not be the task of the starter, but of someone else, e.g. at the line-up or even before. Therfore it makes sense that the Race Director is responsible for ensuring that a “race briefing” happens.
Paragraph 4 has been added and deals with the race briefing. The remaining paragraphs have been taken from the current rule and have been slightly reordered.
Proposal
Old Rule:
3C.1.1 Race Director
The Race Director is the head organizer and administrator of road race events. With the Convention Host, the Race Director determines the course, obtains permits, interfaces with the community, and determines the system used to run the event. The Race Director is responsible for the logistics, equipment for all road racing events. With the Referee, the Race Director is in charge of keeping events running on schedule, and answers all questions not pertaining to rules and judging. The Race Director is the highest authority on everything to do with the road race events, except for decisions on rules and results.
New Rule:
3C.1.1 Race Director
1. The Race Director is the head organizer and administrator of road race events. The Race Director is the highest authority on everything to do with the road race events, except for decisions on rules and results. With the Convention Host, the Race Director determines the course, obtains permits, interfaces with the community, and determines the system used to run the event.
2. The Race Director is responsible for the logistics, equipment for all road racing events.
3. With the Referee, the Race Director is in charge of keeping events running on schedule, and answers all questions not pertaining to rules and judging.
4. The Race Director is responsible for ensuring that a race briefing is held with the riders before each race, in which course-specific aspects, in particular safety aspects, are explained.
Body
Further information can be found in the corresponding discussion and in the discussion "Revise 3C.1.3 Starter"
References
Proposal 19: 14B.2 Rider identification
Committee: 14. HockeyVote Summary:
Passed on April 10, 2025Votes on this proposal:
11 out of 12 voting members have voted.
Agree: 9, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 2.
Background
Proposal
14B.2 Rider Identification
All players of a team must wear shirts of the same color. The color must be clearly different from the opponent's color. At tournaments and other large events each team should have two different colored sets of shirts. Players must display identifying numbers.
Body
Currently, the rules do not require that players wear any numbers. Numbered shirts are crucial for player identification, especially during penalty situations or when referees need to distinguish between players.
References
Proposal 22: 6.5 m Penalty Execution distances
Committee: 14. HockeyVote Summary:
Passed on April 10, 2025Votes on this proposal:
9 out of 12 voting members have voted.
Agree: 9, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.
Background
Agreed that goalkeepers need more room than the current 0.5 m rule allows. In practice, 0.5 m is not adhered to anyway.
Additionally, we now specify that opposing players must remain at least 2.0 m away from the ball to ensure the shooter has a clear area to execute the 6.5 m shot.
Proposal
14B.9.2 6.5 M
...
The ball is placed at the 6.5 m mark. A player of the defending team goes to the goal
and must sit with the bottom of the wheel of their unicycle within 0.5 m of the goal line.
The other team chooses a player to shoot the 6.5 m. All other players must leave the
goal area. After the referee's whistle the goalkeeper must ride the unicycle freely and
not rest on the goal. The 6.5 m is direct. The player executing the 6.5 m may only touch
the ball once. The ball shall be hit with the stick, not dragged, flicked or lifted on the
stick. If no goal is scored, play continues as soon as the ball touches the post, the keeper
touches the ball or the ball crosses the extended goal line. A 6.5 m awarded at the end
of, or after a time period has ended, is still executed but play does not continue after an
unsuccessful shot.
New
14B.9.2 6.5 M
...
The ball is placed at the 6.5 m mark. A player of the defending team goes to the goal
and must sit with the bottom of the wheel of their unicycle within 1 m of the goal line.
The other team chooses a player to shoot the 6.5 m. All other players must leave the
goal area. Opposing players must keep a distance with their unicycles and their sticks of at least 2.0 m from the ball.
After the referee's whistle the goalkeeper must ride the unicycle freely and
not rest on the goal. The 6.5 m is direct. The player executing the 6.5 m may only touch
the ball once. The ball shall be hit with the stick, not dragged, flicked or lifted on the
stick. If no goal is scored, play continues as soon as the ball touches the post, the keeper
touches the ball or the ball crosses the extended goal line. A 6.5 m awarded at the end
of, or after a time period has ended, is still executed but play does not continue after an
unsuccessful shot.
Body
Added in distances for keeper and opposition players
References
Proposal 21: Reorganisation of equipment section
Committee: 14. HockeyVote Summary:
Passed on April 10, 2025Votes on this proposal:
10 out of 12 voting members have voted.
Agree: 10, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.
Background
Proposal
Old:
14B.1 Unicycles
[...]
14B.2 Rider Identification
[...]
14B.3 Sticks
[...]
14B.6 Safety
[...]
New:
14B.1 Equipment
14B.1.1 Unicycles
[...]
14B.1.2 Rider Identification
[...]
14B.1.3 Sticks
[...]
14B.1.4 Safety
[...]
Body
Reorganisation of the rules to combine all equipment-related rules in one section 14B.1 Equipment. No change of the individual rules (in this proposal).
References
Proposal 1: Revise 3C.1.2 Referee
Committee: 3. Road RacingVote Summary:
Passed on March 15, 2025Votes on this proposal:
10 out of 14 voting members have voted.
Agree: 10, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.
Background
The rule 3C.1.2 describes basically the tasks of the referee, but some points should be formulated a bit more detailed and one aspect is missing, which is very important, namely that the referee is the one, who disqualifies riders. The revision of rule 3C.1.2 addresses this aspects.
Proposal
Old Rule:
3C.1.2 Referee
The Referee is the head racing official, whose primary job is to make sure the competitors follow the rules. The Referee makes all final decisions regarding rule infractions. The Referee is responsible for resolving protests. The Referee must above all be objective and favor neither local, nor outside riders.
New Rule:
3C.1.2 Referee
1. The referee is the head racing official. The referee is responsible for making sure that the competition rules are observed and for deciding on all related questions that arise during the event. This applies in particular to the handling of protests, as well as to questions of interpretation of the rules.
2. The referee has full control and authority over all judges and must instruct them on all details and regulations related to the competition.
3. The referee must ensure that all necessary judges are on their assigned places. The referee may replace absent, incapacitated or inadequate judges with others and may appoint additional judges. The referee shall ensure that the judges do not interfere in the competition in a biased manner.
4. The referee can ban persons from the competition venue for the duration of the competition, if they significantly disturb the execution of the competition.
5. The referee has the exclusive right to disqualify riders in case of violations of the competition rules, with the exception of violations concerning the start. Violations of the competition rules can be determined by their own observations or in reports of the responsible judges. Violations of the competition rules have to be reported to the referee with the following information: Position and name of the judge, competition, start number of the rider, as well as a clear description of the violation.
Body
Further information can be found in the corresponding discussion.
References
Proposal 2: Adding another official - 3C.1.4 Timekeeper
Committee: 3. Road RacingVote Summary:
Passed on March 15, 2025Votes on this proposal:
10 out of 14 voting members have voted.
Agree: 10, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.
Background
Currently there is no official for timekeeping in the rulebook, but since this position is always needed in any race, we should add it to the rulebook.
Proposal
Proposal for the new rule:
3C.1.4 Timekeeper
1. The Timekeeper must be responsible for the conformity to the rules and the functioning of the timing system.
2. The Timekeeper supervises the timing system and if a fully automatic timing and photo finish system is used, makes sure that the camera is correctly aligned.
3. The Timekeeper (in conjunction with an adequate number of assistants) must determine the official times of the riders. The timekeeper must ensure that these results are correctly entered in or transferred to the competition results system.
Body
Further information can be found in the corresponding discussion.
References
Proposal 3: Revise 3C.1.3 Starter
Committee: 3. Road RacingVote Summary:
Passed on March 15, 2025Votes on this proposal:
10 out of 14 voting members have voted.
Agree: 9, Disagree: 1, Abstain: 0.
Background
Currently, the rules for the starter specify the task of explaining race rules, but this should not be a general task of the starter to explain the rules because it has the potential to hold off the procedure at a competition and it should be the responsibility of some volunteers at the line-up and the competitor should also inform himself about the rules before the race starts.
Currently, some additional starter responsibilities can be found in section 3D.11 Starter Responsibilities. This does not contribute to the clarity of the rules and these rules should therefore be integrated into section 3C.1.3 (paragraph 2).
A new paragraph (paragraph 4) has been added for another important aspect: Ensure that the starter also has all riders in view.
Proposal
Old Rule:
3C.1.3 Starter
The starter starts races, explains race rules, and calls riders back in the event of false starts. The starter is in charge of checking riders for correct unicycles and safety equipment.
3D.11 Starter Responsibilities
If a verbal (spoken) count is used, there should be about 3/4 second between each element in the count, with the same amount of time between each of them. Starters should practice this before the races begin. Timing of the count is very important for an accurate start. This count can be in the local language, or a language agreed upon before competition starts.
New Rule:
3C.1.3 Starter
1. The Starter starts races and calls riders back in the event of false starts. The Responsibilities follow from the text in 3B.5.2, Starting and 3B.5.3, False Starts.
2. If a verbal (spoken) count is used, the time between (the start of) each of these elements must be the same, and should be approximately 1 second. Starters should practice this before the races begin. Timing of the count is very important for an accurate start. This count is to be given in English at Unicon or international competitions. At other competitions, English is optional.
3. The Starter checks riders for correct unicycles and safety equipment and will remove from the starting line-up any riders not properly equipped to race, including riders with dangerously loose shoelaces.
4. The starter has to take a position for the start from which he has an unobstructed view of the riders and the start command and signal can be easily perceived by the riders.
3D.11 Starter Responsibilities
Body
Further information can be found in the corresponding discussion.
References
Proposal 4: Restructure Section 3B
Committee: 3. Road RacingVote Summary:
Passed on March 15, 2025Votes on this proposal:
10 out of 14 voting members have voted.
Agree: 10, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.
Background
For a better readability of the rules, I would divide the section into three large subsections: General Rules, which can be seen as a framework (3B.1 General Road Racing Rules), a subsection where the official disciplines are presented (3B.2 Road Racing Disciplines) and a section where the rules of a actual race are presented (3B.3 Racing Rules).
The current rules 3B.1 Safety, 3B.2 Unicycles, 3B.3 Rider Identication, 3B.4 Protests and 3B.5.1 Riders Must Be Ready are the rules that would be described as framework conditions. They do not necessarily relate to the specific race, but rather provide a framework within which races will take place.
The rurrent rule 3B.6 Criterium is already a short rule about presenting a discipline. There is currently nothing comparable for the other disciplines. These rules would have to be developed in separate proposals.
Basically a race can be divided into three parts: The start, the "actual race" and the finish. It would make sense to include this structure in the rules and have a subsection 3B.3 Racing Rules.
False starts (3B.3.1.1 False Start) are somehow part of the start and therefore could be included as a subsubchapter to the subchapter 3B.3.1 The Start. The rules 3B.5.4 Passing, 3B.5.5 Dismounts, 3B.5.6 Illegal Riding and 3B.5.7 Repair, Change, or Replace a (Broken) Unicycle belong to the rules of the actual race. This rules would become subsubchapters of the subchapter 3B.3.2 The Race.
For the finish there is rule 3B.5.8 Finishes, which would become the subchapter 3B.3.3 The Finish.
With this structure, it would be very clear to the riders which rules apply during the race and they would be sensibly and logically organized.
Proposal
3B.1 General Road Racing Rules
3B.1.1 Safety
3B.1.2 Unicycles
3B.1.3 Rider Identification
3B.1.4 Riders Must Be Ready
3B.1.5 Protests
3B.2 Road Racing Disciplines
3B.2.1 Fixed Distance Races
3B.2.1.1 10 km
3B.2.1.2 Marathon
3B.2.1.3 100 km
3B.2.2 Free Distance Races
3B.2.3 Criterium
3B.2.4 Time Trials
3B.3 Racing Rules
3B.3.1 The Start
3B.3.1.1 False Start
3B.3.2 The Race
3B.3.2.1 Illegal Riding
3B.3.2.2 Passing
3B.3.2.3 Dismounts
3B.3.2.4 Repair, Change, or Replace a (Broken) Unicycle
3B.3.3 The Finish
Body
Further information can be found in the corresponding discussion.
References
Proposal 7: 4B.2 Unicycles - Revise
Committee: 4 & 5. MuniVote Summary:
Passed on March 15, 2025Votes on this proposal:
9 out of 12 voting members have voted.
Agree: 9, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.
Background
Current rule does not include Freewheel.
Intention is to not make any restriction to the unicycles used in Muni
Proposal
Old Rule:
4B.2 Unicycles
There are no restrictions on wheel size, crank arm length, brakes, or gearing.
New Rule:
4B.2 Unicycles
Any unicycle may be used (as defined in Article 1D.1).
Body
Discussion on changing the Definition of Unicycle should be directed to Main Committee. (Removal of this sentence: It is driven by pedals and cranks which rotate to power the wheel.")
References
1D.1 Definitions
...
Unicycle: A Unicycle is a vehicle that has a single rolling contact with the riding
surface. It may have multiple wheels, but it must not be possible to ride the unicycle
when more than one wheel touches the ground. It is driven by pedals and cranks which
rotate to power the wheel. It is powered, balanced and controlled by the rider only, with
no additional support devices. Unless noted otherwise, a unicycle may be fitted with
handlebars and/or brake(s).
Proposal 8: 4B.1 Safety - Revise
Committee: 4 & 5. MuniVote Summary:
Passed on March 15, 2025Votes on this proposal:
9 out of 12 voting members have voted.
Agree: 9, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.
Background
Current rule mentions wrist guards - which are already included in the definition of gloves.
Adding recommendation for back protector and full-fingered gloves for Downhill.
Proposal
Old Rule
4B.1 Safety
For all muni events, riders must wear shoes, knee pads, gloves/wrist-guards and helmets (see definitions in chapter 1D.1). Additional equipment such as shin, elbow or ankle protection are optional.
Water and food are the responsibility of the rider. Hosts may offer food and water stations at their discretion.
New Rule
4B.1 Safety
For all muni events, riders must wear shoes, knee pads, gloves and helmets (see definitions in chapter 1D.1). Additional equipment such as shin, elbow or ankle protection are optional. Back protector or backpack and full-fingered gloves are recommended for Downhill.
Water and food are the responsibility of the rider. Hosts may offer food and water stations at their discretion.
Body
Further information can be found in the corresponding discussion.
References
1D.1 Definitions
...
Gloves: (For racing) Any glove with thick material covering the palms (Leather is acceptable,
thin nylon is not). Gloves may be fingerless, such as bicycling gloves, provided
the palm of the hand is completely covered. Wrist guards, such as those used with in-line
skates, are an acceptable alternative to gloves.
Proposal 13: Distances
Committee: 14. HockeyVote Summary:
Passed on April 10, 2025Votes on this proposal:
9 out of 12 voting members have voted.
Agree: 9, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.
Background
We have a distance of 1m from the wall/goal where a free shot is taken. This distance is too small such that the player executing the free short can move around freely and position her/himself towards the ball as she/he likes.
Proposal
14B.5.7 Ball Out Of Bounds
Old: [...] The free shot is done 1.0 m in from the side line.
New: [...] The free shot is done 2 m in from the side line.
14B.9 Penalties
Old: [...] In the event that an advantage was not gained, the referee should enforce the appropriate penalty from the initial point of infringement or, when the penalty has occurred within the goal area, the closest corner mark or 1 m in front of goal line. [...]
New: [...] In the event that an advantage was not gained, the referee should enforce the appropriate penalty from the initial point of infringement or, when the penalty has occurred within the goal area, the closest corner mark or 2 m in front of goal line. In cases where an infringement occurs outside the goal area and within 2 m of the sideline, the free shot shall be given from a spot located 2 m from the sideline.[...]
14B.9.1 Free Shot
Old: [...] If a team receives a free shot within their own goal area, the free shot is taken at a distance of 1 m in front of the goal line (goalkeeper's ball). [...]
New: [...] If a team receives a free shot within their own goal area, the free shot is taken at a distance of 2 m in front of the goal line (goalkeeper's ball). [...]
14D.3.3 Markings
Old: [...] The corner marks are on the extension of the goal lines, 1.0m in from the boundaries. [...]
New: [...] The corner marks are on the extension of the goal lines, 2 m in from the boundaries. [...]
Body
We have a distance of 1m from the wall/goal where a free shot is taken. This distance is too small such that the player executing the free short can move around freely and position her/himself towards the ball as she/he likes.
References
Proposal 20: 6.5m rebound clarification
Committee: 14. HockeyVote Summary:
Passed on April 10, 2025Votes on this proposal:
9 out of 12 voting members have voted.
Agree: 9, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.
Background
Proposal
14B.9.2 6.5M
[...] If no goal is scored, play continues as soon as the ball touches the post, the keeper touches the ball or the ball crosses the extended goal line. At this moment, the shooting player may play the ball again. A 6.5 m awarded at the end of, or after a time period has ended, [...]
Body
Clarification whether the shooting player of a 6.5m may score via a direct rebound (without any other player or their equipment touching the ball).
References
Proposal 23: 14.B.9.4 Face-off: Height of ball drop
Committee: 14. HockeyVote Summary:
Passed on April 10, 2025Votes on this proposal:
8 out of 12 voting members have voted.
Agree: 8, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.
Background
The current rule mandates that the ball be dropped from "below hip height,".
This is ambiguous and inconsistent and too high.
A fixed height of 50 cm is preferable.
This height minimises bouncing and a 20 inch wheel with tyre is ~50cm making it easy for referees
Proposal
OLD
14B.9.4 Face-off
To resume the game without penalizing one of the teams, a face-off can be used. For
the face-off, the referee drops the ball between two opposing players. The ball should
be dropped from below hip height of players in the vicinity. One player from each team
may take part in the face-off with all other players' unicycles and sticks at a distance of
at least 2 m from the ball. Play starts when the ball touches the ground as signalled by
the referees whistle. A face-off during the game is executed where the ball was when the
game was interrupted. Exception: Within the goal area, the face-off is executed at the
closest corner mark.
NEW
14B.9.4 Face-off
To resume the game without penalizing one of the teams, a face-off can be used. For
the face-off, the referee drops the ball between two opposing players. The ball should
be dropped from 50 cm. One player from each team
may take part in the face-off with all other players' unicycles and sticks at a distance of
at least 2 m from the ball. Play starts when the ball touches the ground as signalled by
the referees whistle. A face-off during the game is executed where the ball was when the
game was interrupted. Exception: Within the goal area, the face-off is executed at the
closest corner mark.
Body
Small change to height.
References
Proposal 24: Ball in Spokes Rule wording improvement
Committee: 14. HockeyVote Summary:
Passed on April 10, 2025Votes on this proposal:
9 out of 12 voting members have voted.
Agree: 9, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.
Background
Ball in Spokes rule is poorly worded.
Proposal
Old
14B.5.8 Ball In Spokes
If the ball gets stuck between the spokes of someone's unicycle, the opposing team gets
a free shot (not a 6.5 m penalty).
NEW
14B.5.8 Ball In Spokes
In the event that a ball becomes lodged within a player's wheel, possession will be given to the opposing team as a free shot (For execution see 14B.9.1 Free Shot).
Body
Improved ball in spokes rule by taking out unnecessary wording