The following proposals passed:

Proposal 14: 3D.10.3 Mass Start

Committee: 3. Road Racing

Vote Summary:

Passed on May 20, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

9 out of 14 voting members have voted.

Agree: 8, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 1.

Background

The mass start is the ideal type of start for a confrontational race (Most often organized with heat starts).
Today, there are very few mass starts organized.

The introduction of free distance road races in the 2019 IUF rulebook gives greater freedom in the choice of start (and finish) location, which should encourage the organization of mass starts.

Proposal

Old rule:

3D.10 Starting Configuration

Line-up order and heats must be assigned prior to the race. There are three allowable formats for designating the starting conguration of a Road Race: individual start (section 3D.10.1), heat start (section 3D.10.2), or mass start (section 3D.10.3).

To determine which start conguration to use, read the following rules from top to bottom. Once you have an outcome, disregard the remaining rules.
• If this is an Individual Time Trial format race, use individual start.
• If the course is too narrow to allow for racers to safely and fairly start in heats, use individual start.
• If you cannot safely start five or more riders across, use individual start.
• If the starting field consists of 30 riders or less, use a mass start.
• If the course does not allow for ten riders to ride abreast for at least 500 meters before the course narrows, use heats of 12 or more riders.
• If the starting field consists of more than 50 riders, use heats of 20 or more riders.
• In all other cases, use a mass start.

~~The various classes may share the race course, but Standard racers should always start separately from Unlimited racers, also in the case of mass starts.~~ Unlimited racers should start first, unless there is no risk that Unlimited riders have to pass Standard riders (for example they race on dierent days).

In the sections below, fastest rider means fastest rider by seed time. Seed time is defined as an estimated finish time, preferably based on past performance in similar event(s). If no seed time is submitted by the rider or their coach, the organization can assign a seed time.

3D.10.3 Mass Start

~~A mass start is a start in which all racers of a certain class (such as Standard or Unlimited) start together. Males and Females of the same class start at the same time.~~

New rule:

3D.10 Starting Configuration

To determine which start conguration to use, read the following rules from top to bottom. Once you have an outcome, disregard the remaining rules.
• If this is an Individual Time Trial format race, use individual start.
• If the course is too narrow to allow for racers to safely and fairly start in heats, use individual start.
• If you cannot safely start five or more riders across, use individual start.
• If the starting field consists of 30 riders or less, use a mass start.
• If the course does not allow for ten riders to ride abreast for at least 500 meters before the course narrows, use heats of 12 or more riders.
• If the starting field consists of more than 100 riders, use heats of 20 or more riders.
• In all other cases, use a mass start.

Unlimited racers should start first, unless there is no risk that Unlimited riders have to pass Standard riders (for example they race on different days).

3D.10.3 Mass Start

1. A mass start is a grouped start where all participants start the race together. This type of start is commonly used for long-distance races (marathon or longer free distance road races).
2. The organizer may choose to separate the starts based on class and gender, allowing for up to four separate starts, resulting in three possible configurations:
2.1. Standard and Unlimited start together, all genders combined (1 start) (not suitable for road races at UNICON),
2.2. Standard and Unlimited start separately, all genders combined (2 starts),
2.3. Standard and Unlimited start separately, with males and females also starting separately (4 starts).
3. In any case the starting order on the line may be determined based on seed times or other criteria set by the organizer.

Body

In this proposal :

3D.10 Starting Configuration: If the starting field consists of more than 100 riders (instead of 50 riders), use heats of 20 or more riders .
3D.10.2 Mass start (and the different starting options). Option 1: Standard and unlimited riders can start at the same time in a mass start (but not at UNICON); Option 3: the most realistic option for an event with many competitors, and was not described in the old rule.

References

Proposal 9: 3B.3 Rider Identification - change the rule

Committee: 3. Road Racing

Vote Summary:

Passed on March 19, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

11 out of 14 voting members have voted.

Agree: 10, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 1.

Background

The numbers placed on the chest are often not visible to referees, not usable for foto finish and are annoying for the racers.

Proposal

OLD RULE

3B.3 Rider Identification

Riders must wear their race number(s) fixed at the four corners, clearly visible on their
chest and, when required, on their back so that it is visible during the race and as the rider
crosses the finish line. Riders must use the officially provided race number unmodified
in any manner. Numbers should not be folded, trimmed, or otherwise defaced. Referee
approval must be sought to modify a number plate if it cannot otherwise be attached
securely due to hydration pack, rider physique or posture when riding. Lost or damaged
race numbers must be replaced with approval by referee. Additionally, riders may be
required to wear a chip for electronic timing.

NEW RULE

3B.3 Rider Identification

3B.3.1 Race Numbers

Riders must wear their race number in accordance with the organizer's instructions so that it is clearly visible during the race and when crossing the finish line. The recommended position for the start number is on the back. Organizers may provide special race numbers for the helmet, arms or hips, so that the riders can be identified from the side during the race.

Riders must use the officially provided race number unmodified in any manner. Numbers should not be folded, trimmed, or otherwise defaced. Referee
approval must be sought to modify a race number if it cannot otherwise be attached securely due to hydration pack, rider physique or posture when riding. Lost or damaged race numbers must be replaced with approval by referee.

3B.3.2 Chips for Electronic Timing

Riders may be required to wear an electronic timing chip, as specified by the timing personnel. This chip may be attached, among other methods, as a disposable tag to the race number, which may have to be worn on the chest.

Body

The proposed rule require from riders to wear race number as required by the organizer.
Organizer has provided recommendation to use the number on the back and freedom to choose other methods of marking the rider including chips for timing.

References

Proposal 26: Minor typo in Section 15B.2, and an occasion to practice proposals and voting

Committee: 15. Basketball

Vote Summary:

Passed on April 29, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

5 out of 9 voting members have voted.

Agree: 5, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

There is a missing point at the end of Section 15B.2.

Proposal

Section 15B.2

Add a point at the end of the sentence `The tire must not leave marks on the floor`.

Body

Typo

References

Proposal 11: Revise 3B.4 Protests

Committee: 3. Road Racing

Vote Summary:

Passed on May 20, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

9 out of 14 voting members have voted.

Agree: 7, Disagree: 1, Abstain: 1.

Background

The current rule is problematic if the results of a race are published many hours later and participants may not even be aware of the publication - this is a particular problem at large events such as Unicon.
The proposal addresses this problem on the one hand by differentiating between bigger and smaller events and on the other hand by differentiating between the time after the end of the race in which the results are published. This leaves the option of working with a shorter protest period for races such as the Criterium, as the results are usually published quite fast here.

Proposal

Old Rule:

3B.4 Protests

Protests must be filed on an official form within two hours of the posting of event results.
Every effort will be made for all protests to be handled within 30 minutes from the time they are received.

New Rule:

3B.4 Protests

1. Protests must be filed on an official form. Mistakes in paperwork, inaccuracies in placing, and interference from other riders or other sources are all grounds for protests. All Referee decisions are final, and cannot be protested.
2. The default protest time (counting from the posting of results) depends on the type of event and the time after the competition within the results are published. The default protest time can be extended or shortend up to the minimum by the Race Director. Every deviation from the default protest time has to be clearly announced when the results are posted, including stating the protest deadline on the results list itself. The protest time may be extended for riders who have to be in other races during the protest period.
2.1 For a large event such as Unicon or continental championships, for all results published within 90 minutes after the end of the competiotion, the default protest time is 120 minutes, the minimum is 30 minutes. For results published more than 90 minutes after the end of the competition but before 8 p.m. of the same day, the minimum protest time is 120 minutes. For all results published after 8 p.m. on the same day or on another day, the protest deadline is 12 p.m. (noon time) on the day after publication.
2.2 For smaller events, for all results published within 90 minutes after the end of the competition, the default protest time is 60 minutes, the minimum is 15 minutes. For results published more than 90 minutes after the end of the competition, the minimum protest time is 60 minutes.
3. All protests will be acknowledged within 30 minutes from the time they are received, and an effort will be made to settle the issue within those 30 minutes.

Body

Further information can be found in the corresponding discussion.

References

Proposal 15: 14B.9.5 Penalty Box - Addition of time stop directive

Committee: 14. Hockey

Vote Summary:

Passed on May 20, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

11 out of 12 voting members have voted.

Agree: 10, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 1.

Background

Provide guidance on stopping timer for two minute send offs

Proposal

Old Rule

14B.9.5 Penalty Box

The referee can send a player off the field for two minutes, five minutes or for the re-mainder of the game. When a player is sent off for the remainder of the game they may not take part in the current match or their teams following match. However, after a five minute period the penalised team may bring a player on. These penalties are given in the case of unsporting behavior and also for intentional or dangerous disregard of the rules. While a player is in the penalty box, the team may not substitute a replacement for that player. The referees should consider the following guidelines when punishing a player. The timer should be stopped while referees discuss the appropriate punishment and explain their ruling to players:

New Rule

14B.9.5 Player Send-off

The referee can send a player off the field for two minutes, five minutes or for the remainder of the game. When a player is sent off for the remainder of the game they may not take part in the current match or their teams following match. However, after a five minute period the penalised team may bring a player on. These penalties are given in the case of unsporting behavior and also for intentional or dangerous disregard of the rules. While a player is in the penalty box, the team may not substitute a replacement for that player. Penalized players are prohibited from communicating with their team for the duration of the penalty. When enforcing a penalty, the referee should signal to stop the timer to discuss the required punishment, provide a precise start time for the penalty, and to explain their ruling to players. The referees should consider the following guidelines when punishing a player:

Addition of

14D.6 Penalty Box

Designated seating for the penalty box must be provided on each half of the field, arranged so that players who are sent off remain separated from their teammates and the opposing team throughout the send-off period.

14C.2.4

14C.2.4 The Timer
The Timer checks the time of play with a stopwatch and/or with a score board. The time
is started whenever the referee starts the game by blowing the whistle. Each period is
ended by the sound of the score board (e.g. horn, bell, gong) or the blowing of a whistle
by the timer. The Timer also stops the time whenever the referee requests a stoppage of
time. In the case of a send-off, the timer records the time of send-off and the time the
offender or substitute player will be allowed back on to the field.

New rule

14C.2.4 The Timer
The Timer checks the time of play with a stopwatch and/or with a score board. The time
is started whenever the referee starts the game by blowing the whistle. Each period is
ended by the sound of the score board (e.g. horn, bell, gong) or the blowing of a whistle
by the timer. The Timer also stops the time whenever the referee requests a stoppage of
time. In the case of a send-off, the timer records the time of send-off and the time the
offender or substitute player will be allowed back on to the field. The timer must also notify the sent-off player when they are allowed to rejoin the match.

Body

Addition of the wording that outlines play should be stopped to provide a precise start time

Addition that the timer must notify the player when they may rejoin.

References

Proposal 46: Standardizing Age Groups across Urban Disciplines

Committee: 9. Flatland

Vote Summary:

Passed on July 14, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

7 out of 10 voting members have voted.

Agree: 7, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

In case the Age Group committee does not come to a standardized system across all disciplines, we want to prepare a backup solution for Flatland/Street/Trial to have standardized age groups across these disciplines, that have a similar riders group.

Proposal

Old:

9D.4 Categories

Male and female competitions should be oered in each of the following categories: Junior
Expert (0-14), and Expert (15+). The Advanced category is optional however it is not
allowed at Unicon. If there are less than 3 Junior Expert competitors, they may choose
whether to compete in Expert or Advanced. If there are less than three females or less
than three males overall, the male and female categories may be merged.

New:

9D.4 Categories and Age Groups

Male and female competitions should be offered in each of the following categories:

Junior
consisting of the age groups Kids (0-10) and Youth (11-14)

Adult
consisting of the age groups Young Adult (15-34), Senior (35-49) and Master (50+).

The advanced category is optional however it is not allowed at Unicon.
If there are less than 3 Junior competitors, they will compete in Adult.
If there are less than three females or less than three males overall, the male and female categories may be merged.
(this section might be removed by another discussion)

Body

Because of the fact, that many urban riders do ride in multiple urban disciplines and because it has led to confusion, that riders have to compete in different age groups/categories because of different age rules, we want to standardize the age groups across the main urban disciplines Flatland, Street and Trials.
This is meant as a fallback, in case the age group committee does not come to a standardized solution for all unicycling disciplines.

I included a small renaming of the Youth age group and the Young Adult age group, to prevent confusion by having the same names as the main categories they are part of.

We chose 0-10 for the Kids age group to prepare inclusion into standardization across all unicycling disciplines, since 0-10 has a high probability of being an age group there.

References

Proposal 34: Requiring judges to write down scores in battles

Committee: 9. Flatland

Vote Summary:

Passed on June 16, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

6 out of 10 voting members have voted.

Agree: 6, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

Writing down battle scores is already best practice at most flatland competitions - let's change it in the rulebook.

Proposal

Old rule:

"9C.4.3 Battle Scoring
For battles, judges must decide on a single rider to vote on, they cannot tie the riders.
Judges are not required to write down scores for each category during battles. Judges
must determine a winner individually. The Chief Judge collects the results from each
judge and the winner is chosen by simple majority. The winner of each battle is then
announced directly."

New rule:

"9C.4.3 Battle Scoring
For battles, judges must decide on a single rider to vote on, they cannot tie the riders.
Judges are required to write down scores for each category during battles. Judges
must determine a winner individually. The Chief Judge collects the results from each
judge and the winner is chosen by simple majority. The winner of each battle is then
announced directly."

Body

The most objective decision on who wins a battle is made if it is ensured that judges keep on judging according to the official judging criteria - even in battles. If scores are not written down, judges may weight certain criteria more or less than in the official rules.

References

Proposal 41: Move 3D.7 Criterium to Section 3B.2 and Update Rule

Committee: 3. Road Racing

Vote Summary:

Passed on June 16, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

8 out of 14 voting members have voted.

Agree: 7, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 1.

Background

This proposal merges the current Rule 3B.6 with Rule 3D.7, so that a clear description of the discipline is created and this information, which is also relevant for riders, can be found in full in Section 3B.2 in future.

Proposal

Old Rule:

3B.6 Criterium
A Criterium race is a short road race with distances of 5k to 10k. Courses should have left and right turns and multiple laps.

3D.7 Criterium
Criterium can be held around city block(s) or within a large parking lot. The recommended lap length is 500 to 1000 meters. It is recommend that the course has left and right turns, with consideration given to the safety and number of riders in the race. The race can be run as a set distance race (all riders will complete the same number of laps), or based upon time. A set distance race is strongly recommended for larger events. Different categories (e.g. Unlimited and Standard 24 Class) can have different race lengths. The starts are a mass start. If a rider falls due to other riders falling ahead or nearby, this is generally considered part of the race. Intentional interference with other riders is not permitted and may result in disqualification by the Referee.

3D.7.1 Set Distance Length
If the race is run as a set distance event, the number of laps should be announced clearly to riders before the start of the race. There should be three to ten laps. Each rider is responsible for counting their laps; organizers are not responsible for disqualified riders who do not complete the required number of laps.

3D.7.2 Time-based Length
The Criterium can also be run as a time-based event. Using the time from the top rider's first two laps, the referee will determine how many laps could be completed in the desired time limit. From this point on, the number of remaining laps (for the leaders) will be displayed and this will be used to determine when finish of the race occurs. A bell will be rung with one lap to go. Lapped riders in the race will all finish on the same lap as the leader and will be placed according to the number of laps they are down and then their position at the finish.

New Rule:

3B.2.3 Criterium

1. A Criterium is a short drafting race with distances of about 5 km to 10 km. It can be held around city block(s) or within a large parking lot. The courses should have left and right turns and multiple laps with a recommended lap length of 500 m to 1000 m.
2. A Criterium can be run in one of the following two variants:
2.1 As a set distance criterium, where all riders will complete the same number of laps.
2.2 As a time-based criterium, in which all riders ride one more lap after a set time and then everyone finishes the race.

3B.2.3.1 Set Distance Criterium

1. The number of laps should be three to ten laps and must be announced clearly to riders before the start of the race.
2. Each rider is responsible for counting their laps; organizers are not responsible for riders who do not finish the race due to not completing the required number of laps.

3B.2.3.1 Time-Based Criterium

1. Using the time from the top rider's first two laps, the referee will determine how many laps could be completed in the desired time limit. From this point on, the number of remaining laps (for the leaders) will be displayed and this will be used to determine when finish of the race occurs. A bell will be rung with one lap to go.
2. Lapped riders in the race will all finish on the same lap as the leader and will be placed according to the number of laps they are down and then their position at the finish.

Body

Further information can be found in the corresponding discussion.

References

Proposal 25: 8C.3 Judging Table (Amendment)

Committee: 8. X-Style

Vote Summary:

Passed on May 25, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

6 out of 9 voting members have voted.

Agree: 6, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

I propose that we add a sentence(s) to the end of 8C.3 in the rulebook to require an odd number of pair judges/individual judges to lower the chances of ties being an issue in competition.

Proposal

8C.3

There must be an odd number of pair judges, or an odd number of judges if individuals are judging alone, on the judging table.

Body

We ran into the issue of many ties during Unicon, particularly when the completion was down to only 2 riders. To lessen the chance of ties, there should be an odd amount of judges.

References

See original discussion.

Proposal 12: 14D.3.3 Markings

Committee: 14. Hockey

Vote Summary:

Passed on April 04, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

11 out of 12 voting members have voted.

Agree: 11, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

To make the distinction between the goal area and the rest of the playing field clearer, the 6.5m line shall be marked at the side walls.

Proposal

[...]The 6.5m lines are parallel to the goal lines and run through the 6.5m marks. The 6.5m lines shall be vertically marked on the barriers or walls of the playing field. The goal areas are between the 6.5m lines and the ends of the field.

Body

See discussion.

References

Proposal 16: Captain identification

Committee: 14. Hockey

Vote Summary:

Passed on April 04, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

11 out of 12 voting members have voted.

Agree: 9, Disagree: 1, Abstain: 1.

Background

Adding captain rule

Proposal

OLD

14B.2 Rider Identification
All players of a team must wear shirts of the same color. The color must be clearly
different from the opponent's color. At tournaments and other large events each team
should have two different colored sets of shirts.

NEW

14B.2 Rider Identification
All players of a team must wear shirts of the same color. The color must be clearly
different from the opponent's color. At tournaments and other large events each team
should have two different colored sets of shirts. One Captain shall be appointed by each team, and they alone shall be authorized to consult with the referees regarding any queries on rule interpretation. Change of the team captain shall only take place in case of injury, illness or penalty box for the remainder of the game. The team captain shall wear an armband, which shall be worn on the upper arm and be clearly visible.

Body

As above

References

Proposal 18: Adding another judge/official - 3C.1.5 Course Judge

Committee: 3. Road Racing

Vote Summary:

Passed on April 12, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

8 out of 14 voting members have voted.

Agree: 7, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 1.

Background

In the discussion about the revision of rule 3C.1.2 Referee, it was noted that the use of the term judge could cause confusion, as there are normally no judges in road races, only course marshals. It is correct that neither one nor the other is currently defined in the rules. Since judges are the people along the course who supervise compliance with the rules and, if necessary, direct the riders in the right way, we should add a Jude for the road races.

Proposal

Old rule:

None

New Rule:

3C.1.5 Course Judge

1. The Course Judge observes the adherence to the corresponding competition rules during the race. Sufficient number of Course Judges are to be appointed according to the discipline to guarantee an adequate supervision of the adherence to the rules.
2. The Course Judge can be assigned the task of securing the race course and directing the riders to the correct way.

Body

Further information can be found in the corresponding discussion and in the discussion "Revise 3C.1.2 Referee"

References

Proposal 17: Revise 3C.1.1 Race Director

Committee: 3. Road Racing

Vote Summary:

Passed on April 12, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

8 out of 14 voting members have voted.

Agree: 8, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

In the discussion about the revision of rule 3C.1.3 Starter, it was discussed to what extent the starter should explain the rules - the conclusion in the end was that a "race briefing" should not be the task of the starter, but of someone else, e.g. at the line-up or even before. Therfore it makes sense that the Race Director is responsible for ensuring that a “race briefing” happens.
Paragraph 4 has been added and deals with the race briefing. The remaining paragraphs have been taken from the current rule and have been slightly reordered.

Proposal

Old Rule:

3C.1.1 Race Director

The Race Director is the head organizer and administrator of road race events. With the Convention Host, the Race Director determines the course, obtains permits, interfaces with the community, and determines the system used to run the event. The Race Director is responsible for the logistics, equipment for all road racing events. With the Referee, the Race Director is in charge of keeping events running on schedule, and answers all questions not pertaining to rules and judging. The Race Director is the highest authority on everything to do with the road race events, except for decisions on rules and results.

New Rule:

3C.1.1 Race Director

1. The Race Director is the head organizer and administrator of road race events. The Race Director is the highest authority on everything to do with the road race events, except for decisions on rules and results. With the Convention Host, the Race Director determines the course, obtains permits, interfaces with the community, and determines the system used to run the event.
2. The Race Director is responsible for the logistics, equipment for all road racing events.
3. With the Referee, the Race Director is in charge of keeping events running on schedule, and answers all questions not pertaining to rules and judging.
4. The Race Director is responsible for ensuring that a race briefing is held with the riders before each race, in which course-specific aspects, in particular safety aspects, are explained.

Body

Further information can be found in the corresponding discussion and in the discussion "Revise 3C.1.3 Starter"

References

Proposal 35: Change to overnight protest period timing

Committee: Main Committee

Vote Summary:

Passed on June 16, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

10 out of 19 voting members have voted.

Agree: 10, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

To help with predictability for competitors when results are not immediately available, I'm proposing an amendment for results posted after 8pm to have their protest period end at noon the following day.

Proposal

Previous version:

1C.10

Protests An offcial protest/correction form must be available to riders at all times. All protests against any results must be submitted in writing on the proper form within two hours after the results are posted, unless there is a shorter time specified for certain events (for example: track racing). The form must befilled in completely. This time may be extended for riders who have to be in other races/events during that time period. Every effort will be made for all protests to be handled within 30 minutes from the time they are received. Mistakes in paperwork and interference from other riders or other sources are all grounds for protests. Protests handed in after awards have been delivered will not be considered if the results have been posted for at least three hours before the awards. If awards are delivered before results are posted, it is recommended to announce the schedule of posting and the deadline for protests at the awarding ceremonies. All Chief Judge or Referee decisions are final, and cannot be protested.

[...]

Proposed Amendment

1C.10 Protests

1. An official protest form must be available to riders at all times. All protests against any results must be submitted in writing on the proper form. The form must befilled in completely. Mistakes in paperwork, inaccuracies in placing, and interference from other riders or other sources are all grounds for protests. All Chief Judge or Referee decisions are final, and cannot be protested.
2. The default protest time (counting from the posting of results) is 120 minutes, unless there is a shorter time specified for certain events (for example: track racing). By default for all results published after 8 p.m. on the same day or on another day, the protest deadline is 12 p.m. (noon time) on the day after publication, unless something different is specified for certain events. Every deviation from the default protest time has to be clearly announced when the results are posted, including stating the protest deadline on the results list itself. The protest time may be extended for riders who have to be in other races/events during the protest period.
3. All protests will be acknowledged within 30 minutes from the time they are received, and an effort will be made to settle the issue within those 30 minutes.
4. Protests handed in after awards have been delivered will not be considered if the results have been posted for at least three hours before the awards. If awards are delivered before results are posted, it is recommended to announce the schedule of posting and the deadline for protests at the awarding ceremonies.

Body

Hopefully this is useful for schedulers, directors, and competitors to make the result flow more predictable. We adopted similar language in the Road racing committee, but I believe it to be more useful universally applied. The specific times probably have room for discussion if other times would be better for event flow. The goal is to allow a time in the evening where people may post results such that someone having breakfast the next day could review and file a protest if necessary.

References

Proposal 29: 8C.3 Judging Table Amendment

Committee: 8. X-Style

Vote Summary:

Passed on May 25, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

6 out of 9 voting members have voted.

Agree: 6, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

Judging in pairs is usually prefered as X-style offers a big variety off skills and two judges from different backrounds can often have a greater knowledge of a variety of tricks. Often this is nullified because riders often choose a judging partern from a similiar backround which they already know. Judging pairs would have a greater variety of backrounds if it was recommended that the chief judge suggest pairing judges of different riding styles/backgrounds.

Proposal

Old Rule:

8C.3 Judging Table

The Chief Judge composes the Judging Table for each starting group. All judges can be active competitors or non-competitors. Preferred are people with judging experience and competitors. Non-Competitors can apply for being a judge by contacting the Chief Judge in advance. The Chief Judge sets the application deadline. It is recommended that every starting group is judged by two other starting groups. The judging table consists of at least 5 Judges.
[...]

New Rule:

8C.3 Judging Table

The Chief Judge composes the Judging Table for each starting group. All judges can be active competitors or non-competitors. Preferred are people with judging experience and competitors. It is also preferred that the Chief judge attempt to pair riders of different backgrounds (ex: Flatland, Street, Freestyle) to foster more accurate judging of skills. Non-Competitors can apply for being a judge by contacting the Chief Judge in advance. The Chief Judge sets the application deadline. It is recommended that every starting group is judged by two other starting groups. The judging table consists of at least 5 Judges.
[...]

Body

As Ben pointed out, when freestyle riders pair judge with flatland riders, and flatland riders pair with freestyle riders, the judging will likely not be as fair; judging the difficulty of a flatland trick compared to a freestyle trick would be simpler if a flatland rider were to be paired with a freestyle rider. Since this might be simper in reason than in practice, especially since it is unknown how many freestyle/flat riders will be present in competition, I recommend it be added as a recommendation to the language of the rulebook rather than a requirement.

References

See discussion.

Proposal 47: Standardizing Age Groups across Urban Disciplines

Committee: 10. Street

Vote Summary:

Passed on July 21, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

5 out of 9 voting members have voted.

Agree: 4, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 1.

Background

Proposal

Old:

10D.4 Categories

Male and female competitions should be oered in each of the following categories: Junior
Expert (0-14), and Expert. The Advanced category is optional however it is not allowed
at Unicon. If there are less than three Junior Expert competitors, they may choose
whether to compete in Expert or Advanced (if oered). If there are less than three
females or less than three males overall, the male and female categories may be merged.

New:

10D.4 Categories and Age Groups

Male and female competitions should be offered in each of the following categories:

Junior
consisting of the age groups Kids (0-10) and Youth (11-14)

Adult
consisting of the age groups Young Adult (15-34), Senior (35-49) and Master (50+).

Body

I included a small renaming of the Youth age group and the Young Adult age group, to prevent confusion by having the same names as the main categories they are part of.

We chose 0-10 for the Kids age group to prepare inclusion into standardization across all unicycling disciplines, since 0-10 has a high probability of being an age group there.

References

Proposal 19: 14B.2 Rider identification

Committee: 14. Hockey

Vote Summary:

Passed on April 10, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

11 out of 12 voting members have voted.

Agree: 9, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 2.

Background

Proposal

14B.2 Rider Identification

All players of a team must wear shirts of the same color. The color must be clearly different from the opponent's color. At tournaments and other large events each team should have two different colored sets of shirts. Players must display identifying numbers.

Body

Currently, the rules do not require that players wear any numbers. Numbered shirts are crucial for player identification, especially during penalty situations or when referees need to distinguish between players.

References

Proposal 31: Section 15A.1; FIBA documents URL update

Committee: 15. Basketball

Vote Summary:

Passed on May 16, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

5 out of 9 voting members have voted.

Agree: 5, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

Update of the FIBA link (from http to https).

Proposal

Section 15A.1

The link to the page hosting the FIBA rules:
http://www.fiba.basketball/documents
should be updated in:
https://www.fiba.basketball/documents

Body

Better to use https than http.

References

Proposal 22: 6.5 m Penalty Execution distances

Committee: 14. Hockey

Vote Summary:

Passed on April 10, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

9 out of 12 voting members have voted.

Agree: 9, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

Agreed that goalkeepers need more room than the current 0.5 m rule allows. In practice, 0.5 m is not adhered to anyway.

Additionally, we now specify that opposing players must remain at least 2.0 m away from the ball to ensure the shooter has a clear area to execute the 6.5 m shot.

Proposal

14B.9.2 6.5 M
...

The ball is placed at the 6.5 m mark. A player of the defending team goes to the goal
and must sit with the bottom of the wheel of their unicycle within 0.5 m of the goal line.
The other team chooses a player to shoot the 6.5 m. All other players must leave the
goal area. After the referee's whistle the goalkeeper must ride the unicycle freely and
not rest on the goal. The 6.5 m is direct. The player executing the 6.5 m may only touch
the ball once. The ball shall be hit with the stick, not dragged, flicked or lifted on the
stick. If no goal is scored, play continues as soon as the ball touches the post, the keeper
touches the ball or the ball crosses the extended goal line. A 6.5 m awarded at the end
of, or after a time period has ended, is still executed but play does not continue after an
unsuccessful shot.

New

14B.9.2 6.5 M
...

The ball is placed at the 6.5 m mark. A player of the defending team goes to the goal
and must sit with the bottom of the wheel of their unicycle within 1 m of the goal line.
The other team chooses a player to shoot the 6.5 m. All other players must leave the
goal area. Opposing players must keep a distance with their unicycles and their sticks of at least 2.0 m from the ball.

After the referee's whistle the goalkeeper must ride the unicycle freely and
not rest on the goal. The 6.5 m is direct. The player executing the 6.5 m may only touch
the ball once. The ball shall be hit with the stick, not dragged, flicked or lifted on the
stick. If no goal is scored, play continues as soon as the ball touches the post, the keeper
touches the ball or the ball crosses the extended goal line. A 6.5 m awarded at the end
of, or after a time period has ended, is still executed but play does not continue after an
unsuccessful shot.

Body

Added in distances for keeper and opposition players

References

Proposal 21: Reorganisation of equipment section

Committee: 14. Hockey

Vote Summary:

Passed on April 10, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

10 out of 12 voting members have voted.

Agree: 10, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

Proposal

Old:

14B.1 Unicycles

[...]

14B.2 Rider Identification

[...]

14B.3 Sticks

[...]

14B.6 Safety

[...]

New:

14B.1 Equipment

14B.1.1 Unicycles

[...]

14B.1.2 Rider Identification

[...]

14B.1.3 Sticks

[...]

14B.1.4 Safety

[...]

Body

Reorganisation of the rules to combine all equipment-related rules in one section 14B.1 Equipment. No change of the individual rules (in this proposal).

References

Proposal 1: Revise 3C.1.2 Referee

Committee: 3. Road Racing

Vote Summary:

Passed on March 15, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

10 out of 14 voting members have voted.

Agree: 10, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

The rule 3C.1.2 describes basically the tasks of the referee, but some points should be formulated a bit more detailed and one aspect is missing, which is very important, namely that the referee is the one, who disqualifies riders. The revision of rule 3C.1.2 addresses this aspects.

Proposal

Old Rule:

3C.1.2 Referee

The Referee is the head racing official, whose primary job is to make sure the competitors follow the rules. The Referee makes all final decisions regarding rule infractions. The Referee is responsible for resolving protests. The Referee must above all be objective and favor neither local, nor outside riders.

New Rule:

3C.1.2 Referee

1. The referee is the head racing official. The referee is responsible for making sure that the competition rules are observed and for deciding on all related questions that arise during the event. This applies in particular to the handling of protests, as well as to questions of interpretation of the rules.
2. The referee has full control and authority over all judges and must instruct them on all details and regulations related to the competition.
3. The referee must ensure that all necessary judges are on their assigned places. The referee may replace absent, incapacitated or inadequate judges with others and may appoint additional judges. The referee shall ensure that the judges do not interfere in the competition in a biased manner.
4. The referee can ban persons from the competition venue for the duration of the competition, if they significantly disturb the execution of the competition.
5. The referee has the exclusive right to disqualify riders in case of violations of the competition rules, with the exception of violations concerning the start. Violations of the competition rules can be determined by their own observations or in reports of the responsible judges. Violations of the competition rules have to be reported to the referee with the following information: Position and name of the judge, competition, start number of the rider, as well as a clear description of the violation.

Body

Further information can be found in the corresponding discussion.

References

Proposal 2: Adding another official - 3C.1.4 Timekeeper

Committee: 3. Road Racing

Vote Summary:

Passed on March 15, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

10 out of 14 voting members have voted.

Agree: 10, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

Currently there is no official for timekeeping in the rulebook, but since this position is always needed in any race, we should add it to the rulebook.

Proposal

Proposal for the new rule:

3C.1.4 Timekeeper

1. The Timekeeper must be responsible for the conformity to the rules and the functioning of the timing system.
2. The Timekeeper supervises the timing system and if a fully automatic timing and photo finish system is used, makes sure that the camera is correctly aligned.
3. The Timekeeper (in conjunction with an adequate number of assistants) must determine the official times of the riders. The timekeeper must ensure that these results are correctly entered in or transferred to the competition results system.

Body

Further information can be found in the corresponding discussion.

References

Proposal 3: Revise 3C.1.3 Starter

Committee: 3. Road Racing

Vote Summary:

Passed on March 15, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

10 out of 14 voting members have voted.

Agree: 9, Disagree: 1, Abstain: 0.

Background

Currently, the rules for the starter specify the task of explaining race rules, but this should not be a general task of the starter to explain the rules because it has the potential to hold off the procedure at a competition and it should be the responsibility of some volunteers at the line-up and the competitor should also inform himself about the rules before the race starts.

Currently, some additional starter responsibilities can be found in section 3D.11 Starter Responsibilities. This does not contribute to the clarity of the rules and these rules should therefore be integrated into section 3C.1.3 (paragraph 2).

A new paragraph (paragraph 4) has been added for another important aspect: Ensure that the starter also has all riders in view.

Proposal

Old Rule:

3C.1.3 Starter

The starter starts races, explains race rules, and calls riders back in the event of false starts. The starter is in charge of checking riders for correct unicycles and safety equipment.

3D.11 Starter Responsibilities

If a verbal (spoken) count is used, there should be about 3/4 second between each element in the count, with the same amount of time between each of them. Starters should practice this before the races begin. Timing of the count is very important for an accurate start. This count can be in the local language, or a language agreed upon before competition starts.

New Rule:

3C.1.3 Starter

1. The Starter starts races and calls riders back in the event of false starts. The Responsibilities follow from the text in 3B.5.2, Starting and 3B.5.3, False Starts.
2. If a verbal (spoken) count is used, the time between (the start of) each of these elements must be the same, and should be approximately 1 second. Starters should practice this before the races begin. Timing of the count is very important for an accurate start. This count is to be given in English at Unicon or international competitions. At other competitions, English is optional.
3. The Starter checks riders for correct unicycles and safety equipment and will remove from the starting line-up any riders not properly equipped to race, including riders with dangerously loose shoelaces.
4. The starter has to take a position for the start from which he has an unobstructed view of the riders and the start command and signal can be easily perceived by the riders.

~~3D.11 Starter Responsibilities~~

Body

Further information can be found in the corresponding discussion.

References

Proposal 4: Restructure Section 3B

Committee: 3. Road Racing

Vote Summary:

Passed on March 15, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

10 out of 14 voting members have voted.

Agree: 10, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

For a better readability of the rules, I would divide the section into three large subsections: General Rules, which can be seen as a framework (3B.1 General Road Racing Rules), a subsection where the official disciplines are presented (3B.2 Road Racing Disciplines) and a section where the rules of a actual race are presented (3B.3 Racing Rules).

The current rules 3B.1 Safety, 3B.2 Unicycles, 3B.3 Rider Identication, 3B.4 Protests and 3B.5.1 Riders Must Be Ready are the rules that would be described as framework conditions. They do not necessarily relate to the specific race, but rather provide a framework within which races will take place.

The rurrent rule 3B.6 Criterium is already a short rule about presenting a discipline. There is currently nothing comparable for the other disciplines. These rules would have to be developed in separate proposals.

Basically a race can be divided into three parts: The start, the "actual race" and the finish. It would make sense to include this structure in the rules and have a subsection 3B.3 Racing Rules.
False starts (3B.3.1.1 False Start) are somehow part of the start and therefore could be included as a subsubchapter to the subchapter 3B.3.1 The Start. The rules 3B.5.4 Passing, 3B.5.5 Dismounts, 3B.5.6 Illegal Riding and 3B.5.7 Repair, Change, or Replace a (Broken) Unicycle belong to the rules of the actual race. This rules would become subsubchapters of the subchapter 3B.3.2 The Race.
For the finish there is rule 3B.5.8 Finishes, which would become the subchapter 3B.3.3 The Finish.
With this structure, it would be very clear to the riders which rules apply during the race and they would be sensibly and logically organized.

Proposal

3B.1 General Road Racing Rules
3B.1.1 Safety
3B.1.2 Unicycles
3B.1.3 Rider Identification
3B.1.4 Riders Must Be Ready
3B.1.5 Protests
3B.2 Road Racing Disciplines
3B.2.1 Fixed Distance Races
        3B.2.1.1 10 km
      3B.2.1.2 Marathon
      3B.2.1.3 100 km
    3B.2.2 Free Distance Races
    3B.2.3 Criterium
    3B.2.4 Time Trials
3B.3 Racing Rules
    3B.3.1 The Start
        3B.3.1.1 False Start
    3B.3.2 The Race
        3B.3.2.1 Illegal Riding
        3B.3.2.2 Passing
        3B.3.2.3 Dismounts
        3B.3.2.4 Repair, Change, or Replace a (Broken) Unicycle
    3B.3.3 The Finish

Body

Further information can be found in the corresponding discussion.

References

Proposal 7: 4B.2 Unicycles - Revise

Committee: 4 & 5. Muni

Vote Summary:

Passed on March 15, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

9 out of 12 voting members have voted.

Agree: 9, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

Current rule does not include Freewheel.
Intention is to not make any restriction to the unicycles used in Muni

Proposal

Old Rule:

4B.2 Unicycles
There are no restrictions on wheel size, crank arm length, brakes, or gearing.

New Rule:

4B.2 Unicycles
Any unicycle may be used (as defined in Article 1D.1).

Body

Discussion on changing the Definition of Unicycle should be directed to Main Committee. (Removal of this sentence: It is driven by pedals and cranks which rotate to power the wheel.")

References

1D.1 Definitions
...
Unicycle: A Unicycle is a vehicle that has a single rolling contact with the riding
surface. It may have multiple wheels, but it must not be possible to ride the unicycle
when more than one wheel touches the ground. It is driven by pedals and cranks which
rotate to power the wheel. It is powered, balanced and controlled by the rider only, with
no additional support devices. Unless noted otherwise, a unicycle may be fitted with
handlebars and/or brake(s).

Proposal 8: 4B.1 Safety - Revise

Committee: 4 & 5. Muni

Vote Summary:

Passed on March 15, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

9 out of 12 voting members have voted.

Agree: 9, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

Current rule mentions wrist guards - which are already included in the definition of gloves.
Adding recommendation for back protector and full-fingered gloves for Downhill.

Proposal

Old Rule

4B.1 Safety
For all muni events, riders must wear shoes, knee pads, gloves/wrist-guards and helmets (see definitions in chapter 1D.1). Additional equipment such as shin, elbow or ankle protection are optional.
Water and food are the responsibility of the rider. Hosts may offer food and water stations at their discretion.

New Rule

4B.1 Safety
For all muni events, riders must wear shoes, knee pads, gloves and helmets (see definitions in chapter 1D.1). Additional equipment such as shin, elbow or ankle protection are optional. Back protector or backpack and full-fingered gloves are recommended for Downhill.
Water and food are the responsibility of the rider. Hosts may offer food and water stations at their discretion.

Body

Further information can be found in the corresponding discussion.

References

1D.1 Definitions
...
Gloves: (For racing) Any glove with thick material covering the palms (Leather is acceptable,
thin nylon is not). Gloves may be fingerless, such as bicycling gloves, provided
the palm of the hand is completely covered. Wrist guards, such as those used with in-line
skates, are an acceptable alternative to gloves.

Proposal 13: Distances

Committee: 14. Hockey

Vote Summary:

Passed on April 10, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

9 out of 12 voting members have voted.

Agree: 9, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

We have a distance of 1m from the wall/goal where a free shot is taken. This distance is too small such that the player executing the free short can move around freely and position her/himself towards the ball as she/he likes.

Proposal

14B.5.7 Ball Out Of Bounds

Old: [...] The free shot is done 1.0 m in from the side line.

New: [...] The free shot is done 2 m in from the side line.

14B.9 Penalties

Old: [...] In the event that an advantage was not gained, the referee should enforce the appropriate penalty from the initial point of infringement or, when the penalty has occurred within the goal area, the closest corner mark or 1 m in front of goal line. [...]

New: [...] In the event that an advantage was not gained, the referee should enforce the appropriate penalty from the initial point of infringement or, when the penalty has occurred within the goal area, the closest corner mark or 2 m in front of goal line. In cases where an infringement occurs outside the goal area and within 2 m of the sideline, the free shot shall be given from a spot located 2 m from the sideline.[...]

14B.9.1 Free Shot

Old: [...] If a team receives a free shot within their own goal area, the free shot is taken at a distance of 1 m in front of the goal line (goalkeeper's ball). [...]

New: [...] If a team receives a free shot within their own goal area, the free shot is taken at a distance of 2 m in front of the goal line (goalkeeper's ball). [...]

14D.3.3 Markings

Old: [...] The corner marks are on the extension of the goal lines, 1.0m in from the boundaries. [...]

New: [...] The corner marks are on the extension of the goal lines, 2 m in from the boundaries. [...]

Body

References

Proposal 20: 6.5m rebound clarification

Committee: 14. Hockey

Vote Summary:

Passed on April 10, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

9 out of 12 voting members have voted.

Agree: 9, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

Proposal

14B.9.2 6.5M

[...] If no goal is scored, play continues as soon as the ball touches the post, the keeper touches the ball or the ball crosses the extended goal line. At this moment, the shooting player may play the ball again. A 6.5 m awarded at the end of, or after a time period has ended, [...]

Body

Clarification whether the shooting player of a 6.5m may score via a direct rebound (without any other player or their equipment touching the ball).

References

Proposal 23: 14.B.9.4 Face-off: Height of ball drop

Committee: 14. Hockey

Vote Summary:

Passed on April 10, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

8 out of 12 voting members have voted.

Agree: 8, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

The current rule mandates that the ball be dropped from "below hip height,".
This is ambiguous and inconsistent and too high.

A fixed height of 50 cm is preferable.

This height minimises bouncing and a 20 inch wheel with tyre is ~50cm making it easy for referees

Proposal

OLD
14B.9.4 Face-off
To resume the game without penalizing one of the teams, a face-off can be used. For
the face-off, the referee drops the ball between two opposing players. The ball should
be dropped from below hip height of players in the vicinity. One player from each team
may take part in the face-off with all other players' unicycles and sticks at a distance of
at least 2 m from the ball. Play starts when the ball touches the ground as signalled by
the referees whistle. A face-off during the game is executed where the ball was when the
game was interrupted. Exception: Within the goal area, the face-off is executed at the
closest corner mark.

NEW

14B.9.4 Face-off
To resume the game without penalizing one of the teams, a face-off can be used. For
the face-off, the referee drops the ball between two opposing players. The ball should
be dropped from 50 cm. One player from each team
may take part in the face-off with all other players' unicycles and sticks at a distance of
at least 2 m from the ball. Play starts when the ball touches the ground as signalled by
the referees whistle. A face-off during the game is executed where the ball was when the
game was interrupted. Exception: Within the goal area, the face-off is executed at the
closest corner mark.

Body

Small change to height.

References

Proposal 33: Section 15B.5.X No-charge semi-circle areas

Committee: 15. Basketball

Vote Summary:

Passed on May 16, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

5 out of 9 voting members have voted.

Agree: 5, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

The no-charge areas should not and have not been used in unibasketball so far, and this should be explicit in the rules.

Proposal

Before Section 15B.5.8, adding of a new section:

Section 15B.5.X No-charge semi-circle areas

The no-charge semi-circle areas and the related rule are ignored.

Body

Unicycles may be more dangerous/harmful than human bodies.
This rule was on the website of Unicon20 but not in the IUF rulebook (it was too late to include it).

References

Proposal 24: Ball in Spokes Rule wording improvement

Committee: 14. Hockey

Vote Summary:

Passed on April 10, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

9 out of 12 voting members have voted.

Agree: 9, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

Ball in Spokes rule is poorly worded.

Proposal

Old

14B.5.8 Ball In Spokes
If the ball gets stuck between the spokes of someone's unicycle, the opposing team gets
a free shot (not a 6.5 m penalty).

NEW

14B.5.8 Ball In Spokes

In the event that a ball becomes lodged within a player's wheel, possession will be given to the opposing team as a free shot (For execution see 14B.9.1 Free Shot).

Body

Improved ball in spokes rule by taking out unnecessary wording

References

Proposal 30: Section 15B.5.5; Inclusive pronoun

Committee: 15. Basketball

Vote Summary:

Passed on May 16, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

5 out of 9 voting members have voted.

Agree: 5, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

A non-inclusive pronoun left.

Proposal

Change `unless he begins dribbling` into `unless they begin dribbling` in Section 15B.5.5.

Body

For consistency and inclusivity.

References

Proposal 27: Section 15B.5.9; Typo

Committee: 15. Basketball

Vote Summary:

Passed on May 16, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

5 out of 9 voting members have voted.

Agree: 5, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

Typo

Proposal

Section 15B.5.9

Removal of the superfluous `it` in `if it it does not`.

Body

Typo

References

Proposal 32: Section 15B.5.3; Small incidental contact by an unmounted player

Committee: 15. Basketball

Vote Summary:

Passed on May 16, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

5 out of 9 voting members have voted.

Agree: 5, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

Beginners (in particular) may create many small contacts when accidentally dismounting and this should not always stop the game.

Proposal

Section 15B.5.3

Change

Referees may allow incidental contact between the ball and an unmounted player or unicycle if such contact does not disrupt the flow of the game.

into

Referees may allow incidental contact between the ball (or another player, with or without the ball) and an unmounted player or unicycle if such contact does not disrupt the flow of the game.

Body

It may happen that a player looses balance, gets unmounted, and touches a mounted player. If such a small contact does not disrupt the game, referees should be able to allow it.

References

Proposal 37: Section 15B.1; clothing and protections

Committee: 15. Basketball

Vote Summary:

Passed on June 02, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

7 out of 9 voting members have voted.

Agree: 6, Disagree: 1, Abstain: 0.

Background

The text about clothing and protections was unclear. Also, there are often discussions/issues about the particular case of the helmet.

Proposal

Section 15B.1

Change

Clothing suggestions for comfort and safety:
* Short shoelaces, or laces tucked in
* Definitely no jewelry (watches, necklaces, earrings)
* No hard clothing or protection, especially above the knees.

into

Clothing and equipment must respect the dedicated section of the FIBA rules (section 4.4.2) and the following items:
* No jewelry (watches, necklaces, earrings, etc.), or they must be protected.
* No hard clothing or protection above the knees except for round helmets (no protruding parts).
* Soft protections, including headgears, are permitted.

Body

Initial text was mentioning « suggestions » while items were written as requirements.
In fact, Section 4.4.2 of the FIBA rules correspond quite well to what we want.
We had the explicit issue about helmets with Konstantin Antonov. After discussion with his father, soft helmets (headgears) seem to be a good solution and are officially permitted by the FIBA rules. After discussion, the subcommittee decided to allow hard round helmets as well.

References

Proposal 38: Section 15B.5.6; Clarification about pivot

Committee: 15. Basketball

Vote Summary:

Passed on June 02, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

7 out of 9 voting members have voted.

Agree: 7, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

The section about pivot needs clarification.

Proposal

Change from

15B.5.6 Idling, Twisting and Hopping

Idling is equivalent to the pivot foot and therefore is allowed. Twisting, where the pedals stay at the same height, the tire stays in contact with the oor, and the rider moves the unicycle left and right is also considered a pivot foot, and therefore allowed. The player must also stay within a half-meter radius from the point where the idling or twisting started. A player may not hop (jump up and down repeatedly with the unicycle) while holding the ball. Hopping while dribbling is permitted.

into

15B.5.6 Idling, Twisting and Hopping While Holding the Ball

Idling is equivalent to the pivot foot and therefore is allowed. Twisting, where the wheel is not rolling, the tire stays in contact with the floor, and the rider turns the unicycle left and right is also considered a pivot, and therefore allowed. The player may alternate between stand still, twisting and idling, with the restriction that only a single continuous period of idling is allowed. The player must also stay within a half-meter radius from the point where the idling started. A player may not hop (jump with the unicycle) while holding the ball, unless the ball is released from the hand(s) before the tire touches back the floor. Hopping while dribbling is permitted.

Body

An overall clarification of the section, especially concerning idling and hopping.

References

Proposal 52: Junior and female categories in Flatland (might be affected by decisions of the gender committee and age group committee)

Committee: 9. Flatland

Vote Summary:

Passed on July 14, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

7 out of 10 voting members have voted.

Agree: 7, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

At present, the rulebook allows for the merging of junior (male and female), female and male competitions in case there are less than 3 riders in a category. However, juniors and women deserve their own category due to physiological disadvantages when competing against adult males. A female category should not be merged with the male category even if there are less than 3 riders. If an organizer decides to have a junior competition, there also needs to be a guaranteed junior final and/or title, regardless of the number of junior riders.

This proposal might be affected by decisions of the gender committee and age group committee. But in case these overarching committees do not find a solution for this rulebook, this is the view of the Flatland committee.

Proposal

Old:

9D.4 Categories
Male and female competitions should be offered in each of the following categories: Junior
Expert (0-14), and Expert (15+). The Advanced category is optional however it is not
allowed at Unicon. If there are less than 3 Junior Expert competitors, they may choose
whether to compete in Expert or Advanced. If there are less than three females or less
than three males overall, the male and female categories may be merged.

New:

9D.4 Categories

Male and female competitions should be offered in each of the following categories: Junior Expert (0-14) and Advanced (15+)(*). The Advanced category is optional however it is not allowed at Unicon (**). Male and female competitions cannot be merged regardless of the number of riders. If an organizer decides to have a junior competition, there also needs to be a guaranteed junior final and/or title, regardless of the number of junior riders.

*This might be affected by another proposal.

**This might be affected by another proposal.

Body

At present, the rulebook allows for the merging of junior (male and female), female and male competitions in case there are less than 3 riders in a category.

"If there are less than 3 Junior Expert competitors, they may choose
whether to compete in Expert or Advanced. If there are less than three females or less
than three males overall, the male and female categories may be merged."

This proposal aims to remove this option as juniors and female riders deserve their own competition due to physiological disadvantages when compared to adult males.

"Male and female competitions cannot be merged regardless of the number of riders. If an organizer decides to have a junior competition, there also needs to be a guaranteed junior final and/or title, regardless of the number of junior riders."

References

Proposal 39: 3B.3.2.5 Drafting

Committee: 3. Road Racing

Vote Summary:

Passed on June 05, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

9 out of 14 voting members have voted.

Agree: 9, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

The discussion began with mixed events with unicyclist and non-unicyclist participants. Drafting is not defined in the rules. Rather than discussing the interactions between unicyclists and non-unicyclists, it seemed more appropriate to define drafting and regulate it.

Proposal

Old rule :

New rule :

3B.3.2.5 Drafting

1. Drafting is riding close behind another rider or vehicle to reduce air resistance and benefit from the slipstream. It is considered drafting when the distance is less than 5 meters front/back or 1.5 meters laterally.
2. In all road races drafting behind non-unicyclist participants, non-participants and vehicles is prohibited at all times. Additinally in all
2.1 non-drafting races, drafting behind other unicyclist participants is forbidden at any time.
2.2 drafting races, drafting between unicyclist participants in the same race is permitted unless otherwise specified in the event rules.
3. Race officials may evaluate drafting infractions based on rider behavior, timing, and positioning.

Body

It appears necessary to define what drafting is and to define rules that will be used for road races : time trials and other road races.

References

Proposal 55: Number of teams player can register for. Substitution clarification

Committee: 14. Hockey

Vote Summary:

Passed on July 19, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

11 out of 12 voting members have voted.

Agree: 11, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

Added rules for players only playing for a single team.
Added rules on substitions

Proposal

Old

14B.4 Number Of Players
A team on the field consists of up to five players with a team requiring a minimum
of three players to begin a match. Player substitutions are possible at any time with
the substituting player entering the field at the same location only after the other has
completely left it. It is not necessary to indicate substitutions to the referee. Each player
can be the goalkeeper at any time. The goalkeeper has no special rights.

New

14B.4 Players
A team on the field consists of up to five players with a team requiring a minimum
of three players to begin a match. Each player can be the goalkeeper at any time. The goalkeeper has no special rights.

14B.4.1 Registration

A player may only play for one team. If a tournament includes multiple grades of competition (e.g. A, B, C), the player may only play within a single grade.

14B.4.2 Substitutions

Player substitutions are possible at any time. During active play, the substituting players must interchange at the same location and within their own half. The player entering the field may only enter the field after the substituting player has completely left it. It is not necessary to indicate substitutions to the referee.

Body

Added substitution rules indicating rules apply during activeplay.

Added rule saying players can play for one grade only.

References

Proposal 36: Adding a rule about Placings/Tie Breaks

Committee: 13. Jumps

Vote Summary:

Passed on July 21, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

5 out of 8 voting members have voted.

Agree: 5, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

For the past two Unicons the "new" distance incremental rule has been in place for the jumps competitions. Due to this rule (which generally works as intended), the need for tie breaks has increased. The proposed rule is based on what is used in athletics for high jump and should considerably reduce the need for tie breaks in the future.

Proposal

Proposal for the new rule:

13D.8 Placings / Tie Breaks

1. If two or more riders clear the same final height, the procedure to decide the places will be the following:
1.1 The rider with the lowest number of jumps at the height last cleared must be awarded the higher place.
1.2 If the riders are equal following paragraph 1.1, the rider with the lowest total of failures throughout the event up to and including the height last cleared, must be awarded the higher place.
1.3 If the riders are still equal following pragraph 1.2, the riders concerned must be awarded the same place unless it concerns the first place.
1.4 If it concerns the first place, a jump-off between these riders must be conducted in, unless otherwise decided, either in advance according to the rules applying to the competition, or during the competition but before the start of the event by the Referee. If no jump-off is carried out, including where the relevant athletes at any stage decide not to jump further, the tie for first place must remain.

Body

Further information can be found in the corresponding discussion.

References

Proposal 10: Revise 3B.5.2 Starting and 3B.5.3 False Starts

Committee: 3. Road Racing

Vote Summary:

Passed on May 20, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

9 out of 14 voting members have voted.

Agree: 9, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

Since the rules for starts and false starts in track races and road races are very similar, this proposal has the intention to harmoniz the rules.

Proposal

Old Rule:

3B.5.2 Starting

Riders may start mounted, holding onto a starting post or other support, or onto each other. Riders may mount after the start signal, if they wish.
Usually, a start-beep apparatus is used. This provides a six-count start: beep - beep -beep - beep - beep - buup! The timing between (the start of) successive beeps is one second. The first ve beeps have all the same sound frequency. The final tone (buup) has a higher frequency, so that the competitors can easily distinguish this tone from the rest. The proper moment to start is the beginning of the final tone.
As an alternative, the Starter will give a three-count start before firing a starting gun on the fourth count. Example: One, two, three, BANG! The time between each of these elements should be the same, and approximately 3/4 seconds. This allows riders to predict the timing of the gun, for a fair start.
Riders start with the fronts of their tires (forward most part of wheel) behind the edge of the starting line that is farthest from the finish line. Rolling starts are not permitte in any race. Riders may start from behind the starting line if they wish, provided all other starting rules are followed. Riders may lean before the start, but their wheels may not move forward during the start beeps or counting down. Rolling back is allowed.

3B.5.3 False Starts

A false start occurs if a rider's wheel moves forward before the start signal, or if one or more riders are forced to dismount due to interference from another rider or other source. In any case, only the earliest false starter will be assigned a false start, with the associated penalty (warning, time penalty or disqualification).
There are three options on how to deal with false starts:
One False Start Allowed Per Rider:
In case of a false start, the heat is restarted. Any rider(s) who caused their personal first false start may start again. Any rider(s) causing their personal second false start are disqualified.
One False Start Allowed Per Heat:
In case of a false start, the heat is restarted. For the first false start of a particular heat, all riders may start again. Thereafter, any rider(s) causing a false start are disqualified.
Time Penalty:
In case of a false start, the heat is not restarted. If a false start occurs by one or multiple riders, these riders receive a time penalty (such as 10 seconds).
If a heat has to be restarted, the Starter will immediately recall the riders, for example by firing a gun or blowing a whistle or any other clear and pre-defined signal.
If the race is started using individual starts or heat starts (see sections 3D.10.1 and 3D.10.2) a time penalty is the recommended option. In the case of a mass start (section 3D.10.3), any option is viable.

New Rule:

3B.5.2 The Start

1. Riders start with the fronts of their tires (forward most part of wheel) behind the edge of the starting line that is farthest from the finish line.
1.1 With an individual start, the rider may start mounted, holding onto a starting post or other support. The rider may place the starting post or other support in the location most comfortable for them. The rider may mount after the start signal, if they wish. The rider has to start directly behind the Start line.
1.2 With an heat or mass start, riders may start mounted, holding onto a starting post or other support, or onto each other. Riders may mount after the start signal, if they wish.
2. Rolling starts are not permitted in any race. Riders may lean before the start, but their wheels may not move forward during the start beeps or counting down. Rolling back should be avoided.
3. All commands of the starter are to be given in English at Unicon or international competitions. At other competitions, English is optional.
4. For heat or mass starts, the starter must announce the last remaining minute before the start. About 10 seconds before the start, the starter should give the command “Ready”. After the command “Ready”, all riders must move to their starting position. As soon as the Starter is satisfied that all riders are steady in the correct starting position, he gives the command “Attention” and starts the race. This can be done by a start sequence as follows:
4.1 Usually, a start-beep apparatus is used. This provides a six-count start: “beep - beep -beep - beep - beep - buup!” The timing between (the start of) successive beeps is one second. The first five beeps have all the same sound frequency. The final tone (buup) has a higher frequency, so that the competitors can easily distinguish this tone from the rest. The proper moment to start is the beginning of the final tone.
Note: Commonly used electronic starting devices use frequencies of about 650 Hz for the first five tones and about 795 Hz for the sixth tone.
4.2 As an alternative, the Starter will give a three-count start before firing a starting gun on the fourth count. Example: “One, two, three, BANG!” The time between (the start of) each of these elements must be the same, and should approximately 1 second.
Both variants allow the rider to start leaning ahead of the “buup/BANG”, for an exact and predictable start. It is recommended to use one or the other of those two options for all races in a competition if possible. The option to be used must be announced in advance of the competition.
5. If the Starter is not satisfied that all is ready for the start to proceed after he gave the command “Ready” and the riders are on their starting position or they otherwise abort the start, the command should be “Go Back”. If a start-beep apparatus is used and the start sequence is already started the start should be aborted by blowing a whistle or other clear and predefined signal. Where a rider in the judgement of the Starter, after the command “Ready”,
5.1 causes the start to be aborted, for instance by dismounting, without a valid reason (such reason to be evaluated by the Starter); or
5.2 does not place themselves in their final starting position at once and without delay; or
5.3 disturbs other riders in the race through sound, movement or otherwise,
the Starter must abort the start. The Starter may warn the rider for improper conduct (disqualify in case of repeated infringement of the Rule). However, when an extraneous reason was considered to be the cause for aborting the start, or the Referee does not agree with the Starters decision, no rider gets warned or disqualified. This decision must be clearly indicated to the riders.

3B.5.3 False Starts

1. A false start occurs if a rider's wheel moves forward before the start signal.
2. If a heat has to be restarted, the Starter will immediately recall the riders, for example by blowing a whistle or other clear and predefined signal. Any warning or disqualification resulting from this must be clearly indicated to the riders in question.
3. There are three options on how to deal with false starts:
3.1 One False Start Allowed Per Heat: The use of this option is strongly discouraged when no electronic false start monitoring system is used. In case of a false start, the heat is restarted. After the first false start of a particular heat, all riders receive a warning and may start again. Thereafter, any rider(s) causing a false start are disqualified for this event. Only the earliest false starting rider gets assigned this false start and the associated disqualification.
3.2 One False Start Allowed Per Rider: In case of a false start, the heat is restarted. After the first false start of a particular rider in a heat, the rider in question receives a warning and may start again. Any rider(s) causing their personal second false start are disqualified for this event. Only the earliest false starting rider gets assigned this false start and the associated warning or disqualification.
3.3 Time Penalty: In case of a false start, the heat is not restarted. If a false start occurs by one or multiple riders, these riders receive a time penalty (such as 10 seconds).
It is recommended to use one or the other of those three options for all races in a competition if possible. The option to be used must be announced in advance of the competition.

Body

Further information can be found in the corresponding discussion.

References

Already in the Rulebook Committee before the last one, a discussion was started in the Track Committee based on the first sentence of the false start rule:
"A false start occurs if a rider's wheel moves forward before the start signal, or if one or more riders are forced to dismount due to interference from another rider or other source." which is not entirely clear in several aspects:
1. What is meant by "interference from another rider or other source"? And to whom exactly is the false start attributed and who is warned?
2. Should it be better to distinguish between an aborted start and a false start in order to separate the causes and consequences more clearly?

Based on this, the rules for the start and false start have been revised - the result of the update of the track rules can be found here: As PDF Version with changes highlighted
The related discussion can be found here: https://iuf-rulebook-2022.committees.unicycling-software.com/discussions/20

It was figured out that it makes sense to distinguish between a false start and another reason for the start being aborted and to give the starter at the same time the possibility to warn riders or to disqualify in case of repeated infringements, if they can be made responsible for a start being aborted according to his opinion.
At the same time the starter should have the possibility to abort the start without consequences for one of the riders, e.g. because the abort is caused by external influences.

Proposal 28: 3D.10.2 Heat Start

Committee: 3. Road Racing

Vote Summary:

Passed on May 20, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

9 out of 14 voting members have voted.

Agree: 9, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

Proposal

Old rule:

3D.10.2 Heat Start

Heats should consist of at least 12 riders, either male or female (no mixed heats). Heats may vary in size. Heats are sorted by speed with the fastest heat going first. The first heat should be devoted to the fastest males. The second heat should be devoted to the fastest females. The top males and the top females must have equivalent racing conditions. The following heats should be sorted by speed. The time intervals between heats should run as follows:
• For non-lapped races, there should be a time interval of at least 5 minutes (for the 10k) or 10 minutes (for the Marathon) between heats 1 and 2, as well as between heats 2 and 3. This is to ensure safe and fair racing for the top male and top female heats.
• For lapped races (and races other than the 10k and Marathon), the time intervals between heats 1, 2, and 3 should be set up such that following heats have the least chance of interfering with the top male and female riders.

New rule:

3D.10.2 Wave Start

1. A wave start is a start where a smaller group of competitors start the race together. This type of start is commonly used in fixed distance races (e.g. 10km or Marathon) when a mass start is not feasible due to space limitations.

2. The various classes may share the race course, but Standard racers should always start separately from Unlimited racers.

3. Waves should consist of at least 12 riders. Waves may vary in size. Waves are sorted by speed with the fastest wave going first. The first wave should be devoted to the fastest males, and the second wave to the fastest females. These waves must be single-gender. The top males and the top females must have equivalent racing conditions. The following waves should be sorted by speed. The time intervals between waves 1, 2, and 3 should be set up such that following waves have the least chance of interfering with the top male and female riders. In all cases, the minimum time interval between two waves is 1 minute.

Body

The "heat start" subsection seems to concern wave starts. I therefore propose to systematically replace "heat" with "wave" in this subsection. And to modify a sentence, because it does not seem necessary to me to add a distinction between races with laps and those without laps.

References

Proposal 44: High Stick - Entire Blade must be below saddle height.

Committee: 14. Hockey

Vote Summary:

Passed on July 15, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

11 out of 12 voting members have voted.

Agree: 11, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

Changing wording to make it easier to referee

Proposal

Old

14B.8.10 High Stick
The blade of the stick must always be below the players' own hips and the hips of all
players in the vicinity who might be endangered. Exception: When defending a shot on
goal in the direct vicinity of one's own goal, the lower end of the stick can be raised as
high as the crossbar of the goal.

New

14B.8.10 High Stick
The entire blade of the stick must always be below the players’ own hips and the hips of all
players in the vicinity who might be endangered. Exception: When defending a shot on
goal in the direct vicinity of one's own goal, the lower end of the stick can be raised as
high as the crossbar of the goal.

Body

added entire blade

References

Proposal 51: 3B.5.7 Repair, Change, or Replace a (Broken) Unicycle

Committee: 3. Road Racing

Vote Summary:

Passed on August 10, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

12 out of 14 voting members have voted.

Agree: 11, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 1.

Background

This rule only refers to road racing, it does not include time-trial world records (Hour, 24hr, 100km and 100mile). Currently there is no rule covering equipment changes and assistance for time-trial records.

I propose we add a rule for time trial records so that we are consistent with Guinness rules, given the overlap we have with many riders going for both.

Proposal

Old Rule:

3B.5.7 Repair, Change, or Replace a (Broken) Unicycle

In Road Races, riders may make modifcations to their unicycles, but must be self-sufficient in this. The rider must carry all necessary parts and tools needed for the modification(s), and do all the work without any assistance. For example, a rider may change cranks but must carry the new cranks and all tools from the start of the race.
Assistance is allowed in the event of a breakdown or damage to the unicycle. Outside tools and hands-on help may assist the rider to continue, including replacing the unicycle if necessary. The Referee must confirm that the situation was unplanned and was indeed accidental. If the Referee determines otherwise and the rider used outside assistance for changes to the unicycle, the rider will be disqualifed.
The rider may continue the course on foot (walking, not running) with the broken unicycle. If the rider exits from the course, they must reenter the course at or before the point where they exited from the course. When the rider is off course, he may run or use any other form of transportation.
Any modifications made to the unicycle must still adhere to the requirements of the category that the rider is entered in. For example, if a rider broke a crank in the 24 Class 10k race, they are only allowed to install a new crank of 125 mm or longer.

New Rule:

3B.5.7 Repair, Change, or Replace a (Broken) Unicycle

1. Riders are allowed to modify or adjust their unicycle during the race. Assistance from others is permitted at any time, including tools and hands-on help.

2. Replacement of the unicycle or wheel is permitted only in the event of mechanical problems. The problem must be unintentional. A unicycle replacement must be reported to the Referee as soon as possible after the end of the race, providing proof that it wasn't planned. The Referee must confirm that the situation was unplanned and was indeed accidental.

3. Any modified (point 1) or replacement unicycle (point 2) must belong to the same category as the original, and should ideally have the same characteristics (wheel size, crank length, hub).

4. Riders may continue the course on foot (walking only) with a broken unicycle. If they leave the course, they must re-enter at or before the point where they exited. While off-course, they may run or use any form of transportation.

Body

The new rule makes it mostly consistent with Guinness, which specify that the same unicycle must be used throughout the attempt. It also allows outside assistance, which is not allowed in road racing. This is necessary for longer time-trial records, as is difficult for riders doing 100mile or 24hr records to be fully self-assisted.

References

Proposal 50: Add requirement for standard class and unlimited class for time-trial world records

Committee: 3. Road Racing

Vote Summary:

Passed on August 25, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

9 out of 14 voting members have voted.

Agree: 6, Disagree: 1, Abstain: 2.

Background

Section 3B.2 mentions unicycle classes, but we took out mention of the standard category in the last rulebook update. This makes it confusing and also doesn't give competition hosts clarity about the requirement to hold both standard and unlimited competition.

I have defined the competition category (standard and unlimited) which cover the different unicycle classes.

I have also tried to link the class requirements to road racing events where it is not covered in their relevant sections.

This proposal will allow time-trial world records to be kept in the standard category, 29 class, because currently the standard class is undefined in the time-trial.

Proposal

Old rule:

3B.2 Unicycles

Riders may use different unicycles for different racing events, as long as all comply with the rules for events in which they are entered. See 3B.5.7 for the rules around using multiple unicycles in a single race.

For Unicon, if a 10 km race is organized, it must have two categories: 24 Class (including 20 Class for riders under 11 years old) and Unlimited Class. For conventions other than Unicon, this is recommended.

For Unicon, if a 42.195 km race and/or a 100 km race is organized, it must have two categories: 29 Class and Unlimited Class. For other conventions than Unicon, this is recommended.

Using 24 Class and smaller wheels is not allowed in races longer than 20km without express permission of the racing director. The following chart defines the unicycle size limitations.

* Table with Unicacle Classes and size limitations *

Any unicycles in question must be checked for compliance within their wheel class (wheel diameter, crank length and gearing), with the tire pressure that will be used in the race. Preferably, this check is carried out immediately before the race.

Unless otherwise specied, it is allowed to ride in any particular Class with a unicycle that fully conforms to a smaller Class (e.g. a 20 Class unicycle is allowed in a 24 Class race).

New Rule:

1. Riders may use different unicycles for different road events (time-trial, criterium, free/fixed-distance road race, hill-climb), as long as they comply with rules for the events in which they are entered.

2. Unicycle racing is divided into ~~category~~ ~~and class~~. ~~There are~~ two categories: standard and unlimited. In the standard category, unicycles have a standardised wheel size and fixed transmission. The recognised classes in the standard category are the 16 class, 20 class, 24 class and 29 class. In the unlimited category unicycles are not-standardised by wheel size. The recognised class in the unlimited category is the unlimited class.

3. There is an allowable tire diameter range, minimum crank arm length and transmission for each unicycle class:
*Table with unicycle classes and size limitations*

4. For Unicon and continental championships, both standard and unlimited competition categories are mandatory for time-trials, criterium and fixed/free-distance races. For smaller regional and national championship events, the two competition categories are strongly recommended. Exceptions apply (see section 3B.2.4.1 )

5. For fixed/free distance races:

5.1 If the distance is greater than 10km, the standard category is the 29 Class, and the Unlimited category is the Unlimited Class.

5.2 If the distance is 10km or less, the standard category is the 24 Class and the unlimited category is the unlimited class. For age group competition, there should be a 20 Class for riders under 11 years old. The youngest age group for 24 Class wheels should have a minimum age of 0, so riders 10 years and younger also have the option of racing in the 24 Class (e.g. 0-8 on 20 Class, 9-10 on 20 Class, 0-13 on 24 Class).

6. For time-trials, the standard category is the 29 class and for the unlimited category is the unlimited class. For criterium, the standard category is the 24 class and the unlimited category the unlimited class.

7. A unicycle can be ridden if it is smaller than the class in which it is entered (eg 20 Class is allowed in a 24 Class race). However, if a race is over 20km, 24 Class and smaller unicycles are not permitted unless exempted by the race director.

8. Unicycles must be checked for compliance within their wheel class (wheel diameter, crank length and transmission), with the tire pressure that will be used in the race. Preferably, this check is carried out immediately before the race. Crank arm length is measured from the center of the wheel axle to the center of the pedal axle. Longer sizes may be used.

Body

explained above

References

Proposal 40: 3B.2.4 Time Trial

Committee: 3. Road Racing

Vote Summary:

Passed on July 17, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

10 out of 14 voting members have voted.

Agree: 8, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 2.

Background

There has never been a time trial event organized at UNICON. It is necessary to define the minimum rules for organizing such an event at UNICON or at any other event.

Proposal

Old rule :

New rule :

3B.2.4 Individual Time Trial

1. An Individual Time Trial is a non-drafting race, with an individual start for each rider, where each rider races against the clock.
2. An Individual Time Trial can be run in one of the following two variants, either as part of an official unicycling competition or as independent events, such as record attempts:
2.1 As a distance-based time trial, in which a given distance is completed as fast as possible.
2.2 As a time-based time trial, in which the greatest possible distance is completed in a fixed amount of time.

3B.2.4.1 Distance-based Time Trials

1. These events may be held either during an official competition or independently, including for official record purposes.
1.1 In official competitions, there is no fixed distance requirement for time trial course. Organizers may choose any course length that fits the format of their event. It is recommended to use a point-to-point course without loops, in order to minimize interactions between participants. The course should allow riders to overtake safely with sufficient space over most of the course.
1.1.1 Riders must start one by one at fixed intervals, typically every 20 to 30 seconds. The starting order should be based on estimated performance, with slower riders starting first and faster riders starting later.
1.1.2 The organizer may choose between brutto timing (elapsed time from the official start time of each rider) or netto timing (measured using a chip or electronic device triggered upon crossing the start line).
1.1.3 If a 10 km fixed-distance course is used for a 24" Standard race, it may also be used for a time trial. Two options are possible:
i) Preferred option: Hold the 24" Standard fixed-distance race on a different day. This allows the time trial to be held with both 29" Standard and Unlimited categories.
ii) Alternative option: If it is not possible to separate the events across different days, the time trial may include only an Unlimited category and should take place just before or after the 24" Standard race on the same course.
1.2 For time trials held outside of official competitions, such as those organized for the purpose of record attempts, it is recommended to use a closed course on a road or track. The course must be measured and verified in accordance with the WR guidelines.
2. Official formats recognized for the purpose of establishing official records are
i) 10 km time trials and
ii) 100 km time trials and
iii) 100 miles time trials.

3B.2.4.2 Time-based Time Trials

1. Time-based Time Trials must take place on a closed circuit, either on a road or a track. The course must be designed so that the start and finish occur at the exact same location. These events are not held as part of official competitions, but are recognized for the purpose of establishing official records.
2. Official formats recognized for the purpose of establishing official records are
i) 1-hour time trials and
ii) 24-hour time trials.

Body

Further information can be found in the corresponding discussion.

References

Proposal 42: 3D.X Lead vehicle

Committee: 3. Road Racing

Vote Summary:

Passed on June 23, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

7 out of 14 voting members have voted.

Agree: 7, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

In most open-road unicycle races, a lead vehicle is used to guide the front of the race and improve safety. However, there is currently no section in the rulebook that defines its role or sets minimum expectations for its operation. In practice, lead vehicles are sometimes too slow, resulting in them being overtaken by the race leaders. This can create confusion and safety issues. The proposed rule aims to clarify the expected function of a lead vehicle, recommend appropriate vehicle types, and help organizers implement safer and more consistent practices.

Proposal

Old rule :

New rule :

3D.X Lead Vehicle

1. A lead vehicle is used to guide the front of the race, provide visibility, and ensure safety, especially in races held on open roads.
2. Its use is recommended for all open-road races, except time trials.
3. The lead vehicle must stay approximately 50 to 100 meters ahead of the leading unicyclist, without interfering with the race or providing a drafting advantage. It must be fast and maneuverable enough to stay ahead throughout the race.
4. A two-wheeled vehicle is preferred. This may be a motorcycle, an e-bike, or a fit elite cyclist capable of riding faster than the leading unicyclist. The use of a car is discouraged due to its width and the larger slipstream it creates.
5. It should be clearly marked and easily identifiable by both competitors and marshals.
6. The operator should be in contact with race officials to report hazards or incidents on the course.
7. If no lead vehicle is feasible, alternative safety measures must be put in place.

Body

Further information can be found in the corresponding discussion.

References

Proposal 54: 14B.9.4 Face-off clarification

Committee: 14. Hockey

Vote Summary:

Passed on July 17, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

11 out of 12 voting members have voted.

Agree: 11, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

In the current rules, it's unclear where the players have to be when executing a face-off.

Proposal

Old:

To resume the game without penalizing one of the teams, a face-off can be used. For the face-off, the referee drops the ball between two opposing players. The ball should be dropped from 50 cm. One player from each team may take part in the face-off with all other players' unicycles and sticks at a distance of at least 2 m from the ball. Play starts when the ball touches the ground as signalled by the referees whistle. A face-off during the game is executed where the ball was when the game was interrupted. Exception: Within the goal area, the face-off is executed at the closest corner mark.

New:

To resume the game without penalizing one of the teams, a face-off can be used.

A face-off during the game is executed where the ball was when the game was interrupted but at least 2m from the side line. Exception: Within the goal area, the face-off is executed at the closest corner mark.

One player from each team may take part in the face-off with all other players' unicycles and sticks at a distance of at least 2 m from the ball. In a face-off, each player must begin with the blade of their stick on the floor on the side of the face-off point nearest to their ground line. This side is determined by a line through the face-off point that runs parallel to the center line. For the face-off, the referee drops the ball between two opposing players. The ball should be dropped from 50 cm. Play starts when the ball touches the ground as signalled by the referees whistle.

Body

It is specified where the players have to be when executing a face off. More specifically, the unicycle and stick should be behind (in direction of play) an imaginary line drawn parallel to the extended goal line / middle line where the face-off is executed.

The face-off rule is slightly reordered for readability.

In the proposal, both the "old" and "new" rules already contain the approved changes from proposal 23: https://iuf-rulebook-2025.committees.unicycling-software.com/proposals/23

References

Proposal 53: Tactical timeout

Committee: 14. Hockey

Vote Summary:

Passed on July 22, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

11 out of 12 voting members have voted.

Agree: 10, Disagree: 1, Abstain: 0.

Background

This rule would allow any team to take one timeout per knockout game.

Proposal

New Rule:

Time-Outs

During each knockout game (e.g. half finals, finals), each team shall have the right to request one 60-second time-out.

The team captain must request the time-out by informing the first referee during a stoppage in play. Upon receiving the request, the first referee will signal the time-out to the scoring desk. The secretary will record which team has taken the time-out, and the timekeeper will measure 60 seconds before play resumes. After a time-out, play shall be resumed according to what caused the interruption.

A penalised player is not allowed to participate in a time-out.

Body

This rule would allow any team to take one timeout per knockout game.

Important considerations are:

time-out may only be requested during stoppage of play
only the team captain (which has been newly defined) may request a time-out

References

see discussion

Proposal 43: Revise 14B.9.4 Face-off and relatet section in 14C.2.2 The Referees

Committee: 14. Hockey

Vote Summary:

Passed on July 07, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

10 out of 12 voting members have voted.

Agree: 10, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

The aim of the proposal is to ensure that the nearest referee can always carry out a face-off and that the game is restarted by his whistle. To achieve this, sections 14B.9.4 Face-off and 14C.2.2 The Referees are to be revised as proposed.

Proposal

Old Rule:

14B.9.4 Face-off

To resume the game without penalizing one of the teams, a face-off can be used. For the face-off, the nearest referee drops the ball between two opposing players. The ball should be dropped from below hip height of players in the vicinity. One player from each team may take part in the face-off with all other players' unicycles and sticks at a distance of at least 2 m from the ball. Play starts when the ball touches the ground as signalled by the referees whistle. A face-off during the game is executed where the ball was when the game was interrupted. Exception: Within the goal area, the face-off is executed at the closest corner mark.

14C.2.2 The Referees

The two referees are positioned on opposite sides. They try to stay close to the ball. They should not ride a unicycle. The clothes of the referees must be of dierent color than those of the players. Both referees are responsible for checking all violations of the rules. The First Referee has three additional tasks:
• The First Referee overrules the Second Referee, if they disagree.
• The First Referee restarts the game after every interruption by a long blow of the whistle.
• The First Referee drops the ball in for the face-off

New Rule:

14B.9.4 Face-off

To resume the game without penalizing one of the teams, a face-off can be used. For the face-off, the referee drops the ball between two opposing players. One player from each team may take part in the face-off with all other players' unicycles and sticks at a distance of at least 2 m from the ball. The ball should dropped from a hight of 50cm (approx. 20 inch). Play starts when the ball touches the ground as signalled by the executing referees whistle. A face-off during the game is executed where the ball was when the game was interrupted. Exception: Within the goal area, the face-off is executed at the closest corner mark.

14C.2.2 The Referees

The two referees are positioned on opposite sides. They try to stay close to the ball. They should not ride a unicycle. The clothes of the referees must be of dierent color than those of the players. Both referees are responsible for checking all violations of the rules and executing face-offs. The First Referee has additional tasks:
• The First Referee overrules the Second Referee, if they disagree.
• The First Referee (exception: face-off see 14.B.9.4) restarts the game after every interruption by a blow of the whistle.

Body

Further information can be found in the corresponding discussion 55.

References

Proposal 49: Amount of Runs and Best Trick attempts

Committee: 10. Street

Vote Summary:

Passed on July 21, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

5 out of 9 voting members have voted.

Agree: 5, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

this is a combination of the two discussions
Competition Time (about the amount of runs in prelims and finals)
Best Tricks and Penalty (about the amount and scoring of the Best Trick segment)

aiming at lowering the amount of runs in Prelims (from 2/3 to 1) and Finals (from 3 to 2)
and increasing the amount of best tricks in Finals (from 3 to 5) with two being scored instead of one.
also introducing a variety penalty for the best trick segment

Proposal

/// OLD

10B.7 Preliminaries

All competitors will be placed in an order. The order should be presented in writing as
well as announced before the competition. Each competitor will have the same number
Timed Runs (2 or 3), as chosen by the director before the competition. Riders may choose
to skip their turn in the event of an injury or any other reason. Each competitor will
complete their first run in order, before repeating the order again for each consecutive
run.

10B.8 Finals

The top 5-8 competitors will compete in a Finals round held at least 3 hours after
the preliminary rounds. To ensure riders have adequate warm up time and to increase
spectator numbers the nal round should preferably be held in the afternoon/evening.
The existing course from preliminary rounds may be used, or changes may be made to
the course. The riders will be assigned an order which should be presented in writing as
well as announced before the competition. Competitors will each complete three timed
runs. Each competitor will complete their rst run in order, before repeating the order
again for each consecutive run.
After completion of the timed runs, each competitor will have three attempts at a Best
Trick. Riders may choose to skip their turn for any reason. Best Trick score is based on
each competitor's highest scoring attempt. Judges can include preliminary round judges
as well as riders that did not make the Finals round.

/// NEW

10B.7 Preliminaries

All competitors will be placed in an order. The order should be presented in writing as
well as announced before the competition.
Each competitor will have one Timed Run.

10B.8 Finals

Timed Runs
Competitors will each complete two timed runs. Each competitor will complete their first run in order, before repeating the order
again for the second run.

Best Tricks
After completion of the timed runs, each competitor will have five attempts at two Best
Tricks. Riders may choose to skip their turn for any reason.
The two best attempts are scored.
The lower scoring of these attempts is reduced by up to 50% variety penalty for similar trick done and/or similar obstacle used as in the highest scoring attempt.
Immediately after a rider completes their last Best Trick attempt, they can choose to remove any amount or none of the attempts from scoring (before the scores are published). This can be used to avoid two tricks of low variety being scored on and therefore getting a high variety penalty.

Body

changed the mount of runs in prelims
changed the amount of runs in finals
changed the amount of best tricks in finals
added the variety penalty rule

References

Proposal 82: Scoring

Committee: 6. Freestyle

Vote Summary:

Passed on August 08, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

11 out of 15 voting members have voted.

Agree: 8, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 3.

Background

Restore the integrity of scoring. Athletes currently receive a percentage % score that indicates the trend of judges. The rules however state scores have a maximum of 30 pts for Performance and Technical.

Now, why do we have % scores?
That is to protect judges. It happened too often, that parents noted down the judges for when their kids were competing and later, when the results were published, they harassed the judges about their scores.

However now the results are percentages that normalize the results, they no longer match the scoring as written in the rulebook the traceability is lost. The integrity of the results is eliminated. The main focus of this is to reinstate integrity.

Second is to scope the ranking as per classes and age groups.

Third, as observed, the judges deviate too much in their range of scoring which negatively impacts the final score. To eliminate this, enable the option again to allow for removing scores, but require a minimum number of judges for this.

Fourth: If there is a tie, then it is a tie. The chance for this to happen is very, very low (I only am aware of one situation in the past 10 years). Drop that unfair rule and honor the athlete's achievement.

Fifth: The percentage system definitely has some serious disadvantages, the biggest of which is certainly that the intended weighting of 45% technique, 45% performance and 10% dismount is no longer guaranteed due to the normalization to percentage values.

Sixth: There is another decisive disadvantage in the percentage ranking. It can happen that two people are ranked relatively close to each other and are then compared with each other once in their age group and again in their class, resulting in them mathematically swapping places.

Proposal

OLD:

6C.5 Scoring

To tabulate the scores in Artistic Freestyle events, each judge's scores in a category or age group are totaled and restated as a percentage of that judge's total points for that category or age group, i.e. the judge's relative preferences for each performer. Then the percentages from all of the judges are averaged per riders. This is done first in Performance, Technical, and Dismount. Once the percentage average value for each competitor has been calculated, these three averaged percentages are added together according to their weighting to see the final results.

6C.5.1 Removing Scores
All of the judges scores must be kept. The Chief Judge has the power to remove scores only if they are deemed to be biased, inaccurate, or another extreme case.

6C.5.2 Ties
In the case of a tie where more than one competitor has the same placing score after the above process, those riders will be ranked based on their placing scores for Technical. The scoring process must be repeated using only the Technical scores for the tied riders to determine this rank. If competitors' Technical ranking comes out equal, all competitors with the same score are awarded the same place.

NEW:

## 6C.5 Scoring

To tabulate the scores in Artistic Freestyle competitions, the scores per judging part (Performance, Technical and Dismount) are averaged for all judges. For the published results, athletes will receive one value per judging part and the total score. Athletes are ranked based on the total score.

Performance Score = AVG(Performance score of all judges)
Technical Score = AVG(Technical score of all judges)
Dismount Score = AVG(Dismount score of all judges)

These scores are weighted for the total score:

45% Performance Score
45% Technical Score
10% Dismount Score

Total Score = (Performance Score * 0.45 / 30 + Technical Score * 0.45 / 30 + Dismount Score * 0.1 / 10) * 100

The total score is rounded to three fraction digits. The formula for total score respects the weighted scores but normalizes them to 100 pts maximum. For example a rider scoring 30 pts in performance and technical and 10 pts in dismount would have 100 pts as total score.

Example for tabulated results*:

| Name | Performance Score | Technical Score | Dismount Score | Total Score |
| John Doe | 23 | 14 | 7 | 62.5 |
| Jane Doe | 8 | 17 | 6 | 43.5 |

### 6C.5.1 Scope of Ranking

As routines are judged with scores, the results can be ranked per class and/or age group, see 6E.5.3 which ranking(s) will be used.

### 6C.5.2 Removing Scores

The highest and lowest scores for Performance and Technical may be removed to increase accuracy of final results. A minimum of five judges per judging part is required.

IUF Sanctioned and Endorsed events: The removal of highest and lowest scores is compulsory.

Body

see Discussion

References

Proposal 57: Penalty Shootout Rule - Instances where a player misses the ball

Committee: 14. Hockey

Vote Summary:

Passed on July 19, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

11 out of 12 voting members have voted.

Agree: 10, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 1.

Background

Added that an attempt does not start until the ball is touched. Have had instances where player missed the ball.

Proposal

Old

14B.5.2 Penalty Shootout
Three of the players from each team get one penalty shot each. If it is still a draw, each
team shoots one more penalty until there is a decision. It is possible that one player can
take more than one shot. However, in all cases at least two other players have to take a
shot before the same player can shoot again.
For the penalty, all players except for a defending goalkeeper leave the corresponding
half of the playing field. The goalkeeper must be close to the goal line, at least until
the attacking player has had contact with the ball. The referee places the ball on the
center point and the player taking the shot will, after the whistle of the referee, play the
ball from there, trying to score a goal. The player must remain in motion towards the
goal line with no backwards movement or stopping allowed. Once the ball has been shot,
the play shall be considered complete. No goal can be scored on a rebound of any kind
(an exception being the ball off the goal post and/or the goalkeeper and then directly
into the goal), and any time the ball crosses the goal line, the shot shall be considered
complete.

New

For the penalty, all players except for the defending goalkeeper leave the corresponding
half of the playing field. The referee places the ball on the center point and indicates that play may start with a whistle. The goalkeeper must remain close to the goal line until the attacking player has made contact with the ball. After the referee's whistle, the attacking player may play the ball, trying to score a goal. The shot attempt begins as soon as the player taking the shot has contacted the ball, and the player must remain in motion towards the goal line with no backwards movement or stopping allowed.

Once the ball has been shot, the play shall be considered complete. No goal can be scored on a rebound of any kind (an exception being the ball off the goal post and/or the goalkeeper and then directly into the goal), and any time the ball crosses the goal line, the shot shall be considered complete.

Body

Added that an attempt does not start until the ball is touched. Changed order slightly

References

Proposal 72: 14B.8.12 Intentional Delay Of Game

Committee: 14. Hockey

Vote Summary:

Passed on July 31, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

11 out of 12 voting members have voted.

Agree: 8, Disagree: 2, Abstain: 1.

Background

Replacing the line "Intentional delay of the game is not permitted and
may result in a penalty and the stoppage of time." and "In the
instance that a delay of game penalty is given, the penalty will be taken from the center mark." with clearer rules

Proposal

Old
14B.8 Fouls
14B.8.1 General Considerations
All players must take care not to endanger others. Exaggerated roughness can lead to
injuries and must therefore be avoided. The game is non-contact: the opponents and
their unicycles may not be touched. The players must take care not to hit an opponent
with their stick, especially after a shot. Only in the vicinity of the ball (defined as the
ball within the radius of the outstretched arm length plus stick) may a player touch
an opponent's stick with their stick to block them. However, this contact may not be
hard. It is illegal to turn the blade of the stick upside down in order to hook into an
opponent's stick. Raising the opponent's stick is allowed in principle, if not done using
exaggerated roughness. If the opponent's stick is raised to a high stick, it is always
considered exaggerated roughness. Intentional delay of the game is not permitted and
may result in a penalty and the stoppage of time. To keep the game going, rule violations
that do not influence the course of the game should not be penalized.

14B.9.1 Free Shot
The free shot is the standard penalty for all violations of the rules. It is applied in all
cases except for those explicitly mentioned in sections 14B.9.2-14B.9.4. The free shot is
executed from the point where the violation was done. Exceptions: If a team receives a
free shot within the opponents' goal area, the free shot is executed at the closest corner
mark (corner shot). If a team receives a free shot within their own goal area, the free
shot is taken at a distance of 2 m in front of the goal line (goalkeeper's ball). In the
instance that a delay of game penalty is given, the penalty will be taken from the center
mark.
The free shot is indirect. The player executing the free shot may only touch the ball
once until a contact by another player occurs. The ball shall be hit with the stick, not
dragged, flicked or lifted on the stick. Opposing players must keep a distance with their
unicycles and their sticks of at least 2.0m from the ball.

New

14B.8 Fouls

14B.8.1 General Considerations

All players must take care not to endanger others. Exaggerated roughness can lead to
injuries and must therefore be avoided. The game is non-contact: the opponents and
their unicycles may not be touched. The players must take care not to hit an opponent
with their stick, especially after a shot. Only in the vicinity of the ball (defined as the
ball within the radius of the outstretched arm length plus stick) may a player touch
an opponent's stick with their stick to block them. However, this contact may not be
hard. It is illegal to turn the blade of the stick upside down in order to hook into an
opponent's stick. Raising the opponent's stick is allowed in principle, if not done using
exaggerated roughness. If the opponent's stick is raised to a high stick, it is always
considered exaggerated roughness. ~~Intentional delay of the game is not permitted and may result in a penalty and the stoppage of time.~~ To keep the game going, rule violations that do not influence the course of the game should not be penalized.

14B.8.12 Intentional Delay Of Game

Intentional delay of the game shall result in a penalty and may also lead to a stoppage of time. A delay of game foul shall be called when a team intentionally delays the restart of play. Examples of delay of game include deliberately hitting the ball out of bounds, taking excessive time to execute a free shot, slowly returning to their own half after scoring a goal, or deliberately delaying the restart after conceding a goal.

14B.9.1 Free Shot

The free shot is the standard penalty for all violations of the rules. It is applied in all cases except for those explicitly mentioned in sections 14B.9.2-14B.9.4. The free shot is executed from the point where the violation was done. Exceptions: If a team receives a free shot within the opponents' goal area, the free shot is executed at the closest corner mark (corner shot). If a team receives a free shot within their own goal area, the free shot is taken at a distance of 2 m in front of the goal line (goalkeeper's ball).

If a delay of game penalty is awarded, the continuation of the game depends on the previous situation.
– If the delay of game occurs during the execution of a free shot, the opposing team will receive a free shot.
– If the delay of game is caused by the scoring team, play will resume as normal with a restart after the goal.
- If the delay of game is caused by the non-scoring team, play will continue with a free shot from the centre mark.

The free shot is indirect. The player executing the free shot may only touch the ball
once until a contact by another player occurs. The ball shall be hit with the stick, not
dragged, flicked or lifted on the stick. Opposing players must keep a distance with their
unicycles and their sticks of at least 2 m from the ball.

Body

Added a new rule in Fouls
14B.8.12 Intentional Delay Of Game

Removed line from General General considerations and Free shot to cover it better.

References

This rule is tied in closely with discussion/proposal

Ball touches ceiling

Free shot will likely be altered again to add in information on executing free shots from ball leaving the playing field

Stick Attacks

General Considerations will likely be shrunk considerably with individual rules entered for certain stick attacks mentioned within

Proposal 70: Signaling the end of a period

Committee: 14. Hockey

Vote Summary:

Passed on July 29, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

11 out of 12 voting members have voted.

Agree: 11, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

It is unclear if the game continues until the horn ends. This will clarify that the game ends the moment the siren is heard.

Proposal

Old

14C.2.4 The Timer

The Timer checks the time of play with a stopwatch and/or with a score board. The time
is started whenever the referee starts the game by blowing the whistle. Each period is
ended by the sound of the score board (e.g. horn, bell, gong) or the blowing of a whistle
by the timer...

New

14C.2.4 The Timer

The Timer checks the time of play with a stopwatch and/or with a score board. The time
is started whenever the referee starts the game by blowing the whistle. A period is considered ended at the onset of the scoreboard sound (e.g. horn, bell, gong) or the timer’s whistle begins....

Body

I tried to reword it to make sure it is clear that it is the START of either the scoreboard buzzer or the START of the whistle.

References

Proposal 73: 14B.5.7 Ball Out Of Bounds

Committee: 14. Hockey

Vote Summary:

Passed on July 31, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

11 out of 12 voting members have voted.

Agree: 10, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 1.

Background

Unclear what happens if the ball contacts the roof.

Wording between ball out of bounds and free shot is unclear on execution and could be misunderstood.

Proposal

Old
14B.5.7 Ball Out Of Bounds
If the ball leaves the field, the game is interrupted immediately (even if the ball comes
back in). The team opposite to that of the player who last touched it gets a free shot. The free shot is done 1.0m in from the side line.

14B.9.1 Free Shot
The free shot is the standard penalty for all violations of the rules. It is applied in all
cases except for those explicitly mentioned in sections 14B.9.2-14B.9.4. The free shot is
executed from the point where the violation was done. Exceptions: If a team receives a
free shot within the opponents' goal area, the free shot is executed at the closest corner
mark (corner shot). If a team receives a free shot within their own goal area, the free
shot is taken at a distance of 1m in front of the goal line (goalkeeper's ball). In the
instance that a delay of game penalty is given, the penalty will be taken from the center
mark.

14D.3.1 Dimensions
The field has a length of 35 to 45 meters and a breadth of 20 to 25 meters. It is surrounded by barriers. The corners are rounded or beveled.

New
14B.9.1 Free Shot
The free shot is the standard penalty for all violations of the rules, and where a ball leaves the playing field. It is applied in all cases except for those explicitly mentioned in sections 14B.9.2-14B.9.4.

For penalty violations, the free shot is executed from the point where the violation was done. If the ball is ruled out of bounds, the free shot is taken from the point where the ball was judged to have left the field, 2 m in from the sidelines, or below the point that it contacted an object above the field.

Exceptions: If a team receives a free shot within the opponents' goal area, the free shot is executed at the closest corner mark (corner shot). If a team receives a free shot within their own goal area, the free shot is taken at a distance of 2 m in front of the goal line (goalkeeper's ball)...

... The free shot is indirect. The player executing the free shot may only touch the ball
once until a contact by another player occurs. The ball shall be hit with the stick, not
dragged, flicked or lifted on the stick. Opposing players must keep a distance with their
unicycles and their sticks of at least 2 m from the ball.

14B.5.7 Ball Out Of Bounds

If the ball leaves the field, or touches an object above the field, the game is interrupted immediately, regardless of whether the ball returns to play. The team opposite to that of the player who last touched the ball gets a free shot. (For execution see 14B.9.1 Free Shot)

14D.3.1 Dimensions
The field has a length of 35 to 45 meters and a breadth of 20 to 25 meters. It is surrounded by barriers. The corners are rounded or beveled. Any surface outside, or above the barriers, is not considered in the field.

Body

Added detaila bout ball hitting the ceiling/objects and returning to play.

Added ball out of bounds to free shot

Added what is out of field in dimensions

References

Closely Aligned to

Proposal 72: 14B.8.12 Intentional Delay Of Game

Words likely added to free shot to explain delay of game penalty execution.

If a delay of game penalty is awarded, the continuation of the game depends on the previous situation.
– If the delay of game occurs during the execution of a free shot, the opposing team will receive a free shot.
– If the delay of game is caused by the scoring team, play will resume as normal with a restart after the goal.
- If the delay of game is caused by the non-scoring team, play will continue with a free shot from the centre mark.

Proposal 87: Termination of 2min penalties

Committee: 14. Hockey

Vote Summary:

Passed on August 12, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

10 out of 12 voting members have voted.

Agree: 7, Disagree: 1, Abstain: 2.

Background

2-minute penalties should end immediately if the opposing team scores a goal (also during continued play after a foul but before penalty was assessed). The motivation behind this change is to increase the game’s pace and allow for stricter enforcement of fouls.

Proposal

This proposal only adds text to the rules. The proposal builds on Proposal 89.

New (addition to rule 14B.9.5 with a new sub-heading):

[...]

If a player from the team in possession of the ball commits an offence warranting a 2-min, 5-min, or match penalty, the referee shall immediately interrupt the game and impose the penalty. If a player from the team not in possession commits the offence, play shall continue until the offending team gains control of the ball, at which point play is stopped (including stoppage of timer) and the penalty assessed.

If the penalty to be imposed is a 2-min penalty and a goal is scored during the continued play, the 2-min penalty shall not be imposed. This does not apply to 5-minute or match penalties, which shall be imposed regardless of whether a goal is scored. If two or more 2-min penalties are to be imposed and a goal is scored during the continued play, the captain of the offending team shall designate which penalty(ies) are to be assessed and which one is cancelled due to the goal.

In instances of a penalty, the offending team must play with one fewer than their legal maximum for the duration of the penalty, or until the end of the current match, whichever comes first. [...]

14B.9.5.x Termination (added as a new sub-heading, at the end if other sub-headings exist)

A team is considered “short-handed” when it has fewer players on the field than its opponent due to one or more 2-min penalties. If a team is "short-handed" and the opposing team scores a goal or is awarded one (14B.9.3 Penalty Goal), the earliest active 2-min penalty automatically terminates. If a team already short-handed incurs an additional 2-min penalty and the non-offending side scores during continued play, the goal counts, the new penalty is assessed, and the earliest existing 2-min penalty terminates. If a 2-minute penalty is to be imposed against a team already serving a 5-minute or match penalty, and the non-offending team scores during continued play, the 2-minute penalty shall not be assessed due to the scoring of the goal.

Body

2-minute penalties should end immediately if the opposing team scores a goal. The motivation behind this change is to increase the game’s pace and allow for stricter enforcement of fouls. Additionally, termination of penalties helps to prevent that no team has too many players in the penalty box for 2min penalties and that thus game would end up in weird situations (e.g. no players left to play).

References

Closely linked to Discussion 177 (general clarification of penalties) and Proposal 69 (stricter penalties), additionally related changes may be introduced by Proposal 89 and Proposal 90

Proposal 90: 14B.9.7 Multiple penalties

Committee: 14. Hockey

Vote Summary:

Passed on August 12, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

10 out of 12 voting members have voted.

Agree: 8, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 2.

Background

It is unclear what would ever happen if more than one player on a single team was sent off at the same time. Needed to define

This could be very relevant if stricter rules results in higher number of send offs.

1) Do penalties get timed simultaneously? Are they one after the other. E.g. if three people from one team got sent off for a brawl would you be timing all 3 together or one after the other.

2) If a team has 5 people penalised, how is this handled?

3) If penalties are NOT timed simultaneoulsy how is it done?

4. What happens if a player is sent off, and then commits another penalty after being sent off. E.g. player subs aplayer at speed, is told they are sent off by the ref, then verbally abuses the ref. Does a penalty get added? How?

Proposal

OLD

14B.9.5 Player Send-off

The referee can send a player off the field for two minutes, five minutes, or for the remainder of the game.

In instances of a penalty, the offending team must play with one fewer than their legal maximum for the duration of the penalty, or until the end of the current match, whichever comes first. Any unexpired penalty at the end of regular time shall remain in effect during extra time and also any penalty shootout (14B.5.2) if applicable. All penalties except match penalties shall be considered terminated only after the final result of the match is determined, including any penalty shootout if applicable.

...

New

14B.9.5 Player Send-off

The referee can send a player off the field for two minutes, five minutes, or for the remainder of the game.

In instances of a penalty, the offending team must play with one fewer than their legal maximum for the duration of the penalty, or until the end of the current match, whichever comes first (see 14B.9.7 Multiple penalties). Any unexpired penalty at the end of regular time shall remain in effect during extra time and also any penalty shootout (14B.5.2) if applicable. All penalties except match penalties shall be considered terminated only after the final result of the match is determined, including any penalty shootout if applicable.

...

...

14B.9.5.3 Match Penalty

When a player is sent off for the remainder of the game, they may not take part in the current match and their team's following match. However, in the current match, the penalised team may bring a player on after a five minute period. The offending player is removed from the match but does not enter the penalty box. A non-penalised player, selected by the offending team’s captain, must serve the five-minute penalty in the penalty box. If the captain is unable to select a player, the referees shall choose one. Once the five-minute penalty has expired, that player may return to the field.

The following list of offences lead to a match penalty; however, this list is not exhaustive.

[List of offences in strict proposal number 69...]

...

NEW

14B.9.5.4 Multiple penalties

A team may receive any number of 2-minute, 5-minute or match penalties during a game, and individual players may be given multiple 2-minute or 5-minute penalties, including while already serving a previous penalty. No player may serve more than one penalty simultaneously. If a player who is already serving a penalty in the penalty box receives an additional penalty, the penalties shall be served consecutively, not simultaneously. The timer for the first penalty continues without interruption, and the second penalty begins only once the first has expired. If the enforcement of a penalty would result in the team having no remaining players on the field, the team shall forfeit the match.

Body

As Above

References

Proposal 91: Include a registered Head Coach in a team

Committee: 14. Hockey

Vote Summary:

Passed on August 05, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

11 out of 12 voting members have voted.

Agree: 8, Disagree: 1, Abstain: 2.

Background

The Basketball Committee addressed the fact that coaches in team sports are currently not really taken into account in the rulebook, which many basketball coaches find very unsatisfactory. It was therefore discussed in the Main Committee that coaches should become more visible in the rulebook and be perceived as part of a team. To this end, the following definition should be added to the first chapter:

Head Coach: A leader of a team in Basketball, Hockey and Large Group Freestyle. A competitor who may or may not be riding in the event but is able to speak on the team’s behalf with Judges and Directors.

Therefore i is proposed to also include a "Head Coach" in the hockey section of the rules.

Proposal

Old Rule (as accepted in proposal 55 - https://iuf-rulebook-2025.committees.unicycling-software.com/proposals/55):

14B.4 Players

A team on the field consists of up to five players with a team requiring a minimum of three players to begin a match. Each player can be the goalkeeper at any time. The goalkeeper has no special rights.

14B.4.1 Registration

A player may only play for one team. If a tournament includes multiple grades of competition (e.g. A, B, C), the player may only play within a single grade.

14B.4.2 Substitutions

New Rule:

14B.4 Players and Team Officials

A team consists of at least three players and may include one registered Head Coach. A team on the field consists of up to five players with a team requiring a minimum of three players to begin a match. Each player can be the goalkeeper at any time. The goalkeeper has no special rights.

14B.4.1 Captain (moved here from Rider identification as acceptet in proposal 16 - https://iuf-rulebook-2025.committees.unicycling-software.com/proposals/16)

One Captain shall be appointed by each team, and they and the Head Coach alone shall be authorized to consult with the referees regarding any queries on rule interpretation. Change of the team captain shall only take place in case of injury, illness or penalty box for the remainder of the game. The team captain shall wear an armband, which shall be worn on the upper arm and be clearly visible.

14B.4.2 Player Registration

[...]

14B.4.3 Player Substitutions

[...]

Body

Further information can be found in the corresponding discussion and in the corresponding discussion.

References

Proposal 69: Stricter penalties

Committee: 14. Hockey

Vote Summary:

Passed on July 29, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

11 out of 12 voting members have voted.

Agree: 10, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 1.

Background

Players are rarely sent off and games can become dangerous.

Creating stricter rules for send offs would result in dangerous play being punished as leaving the decision up to refs rarely results in enforcement.

Proposal

Old

14B.9.5 Player Send-off

The timer

should be stopped while referees discuss the appropriate punishment and explain their

ruling to players:

2 minutes:

· Intentional delay of the game

· Repeated fouls by the same player

· Intentional foul

· Dangerous play

· Backchat to referee (Constant backtalking to the referee or questioning decisions)

· Intentional usage of incorrect equipment and clothing

· Intentionally having too many players on the field

5 minutes:

· Repeated fouls by a player who has previously received a 2-minute penalty

· Intentional dangerous foul

· Violent conduct against other players, their team officials or spectators

· for the remainder of the game:

· Repeated fouls by a player who has previously received a 5 minute penalty

· Repeated violence of a player who has already received 5 minutes before

· Violence against referees

New

14B.9.5 Player Send-off

The referee can send a player off the field for two minutes, five minutes, or for the remainder of the game. For non-match send-offs, the offending team may not substitute a replacement while the player is in the penalty box. When a player is sent off for the remainder of the game, they may not take part in the current match and their team's following match. However, in the current match, the penalised team may bring a player on after a five minute period. Penalized players are prohibited from communicating with their team for the duration of the penalty. When enforcing a penalty, the referee should signal to stop the timer to discuss the required punishment, provide a precise start time for the penalty, and to explain their ruling to players.

The following list of offences lead to a 2-minute penalty; however, this list is not exhaustive. Referees may impose a 2-minute penalty for other actions that, in their judgment, constitute unsporting behaviour, create a safety risk, or significantly violate the spirit of fair play.

• When a player intentionally commits a foul.

• When a player commits a SUB or SIB at speed.

• When a player forces or pushes an opponent into the walls or the goal causing them to fall.

• When a player is guilty of dangerous play or careless physical play.

• When a player hits another player with their stick above hip height.

• When a player aggressively swings their stick at an opponent or the opponents stick (“slashing”), regardless of contact. Non-aggressive stick contact below knee height should not lead to a 2-minute penalty, but may still lead to a free shot. Raising an opponent’s stick above hip height is a foul, but does not automatically warrant a 2-minute penalty.

• When a player throws their stick.

• When a player violates right-of-way rules while riding at speed. If the referee deems that the infraction is not solely attributed to one player, or it was not clearly avoidable, only a free shot shall be given.

• When a player persistently backtalks to the referee or questioning their decisions.

• When a player insults the referees, players or spectators.

• When a player actively obstructs the execution of a free shot. This includes violations of the 2 m rule during a free shot, corner shot, goalkeeper's ball, 6.5 m, or the restart after a goal (i.e. crossing the centre line before an opposing player or the ball has crossed the centre line).

• When a player uses incorrect equipment or a player is missing correct rider identification (e.g. no identifying number). Where possible, the referee should inform players of equipment and identification issues prior to the start of the match.

• When an incorrect substitution takes place. If the substitution occurs in a borderline or near-simultaneous manner, a penalty shall only be given if it impacts the play.

• When a team has too many players on the field. The last player to enter the field shall receive a 2-minute penalty. The offending team must then reduce the number of players on the field so that they are playing with one fewer than their permitted number.

• When a team systematically disrupts play by committing repeated offences leading to a free shot. This also includes when a team commits a number of rule violations during a short time. The player committing the last rule violation shall serve the penalty.

• When a team intentionally delays play. The referee shall issue a warning to the captain on the first offence. A 2-minute penalty shall be applied for any further intentional delay.

5-minute penalties may be given for:

Repeated fouls by a player who has previously received a 2-minute penalty for the same foul

Intentional dangerous fouls
Violent conduct toward other players, team officials, or spectators

Match ejection (remainder of game) may be given for:

Repeated fouls by a player who has previously received a 5-minute penalty for the same foul
Continued violent conduct after already receiving a 5-minute penalty
Violence against referees

Body

Stricter rules for 2 min penalties to enforce safer play.

References

Proposal 75: 14B.8.6 Moving The Goal

Committee: 14. Hockey

Vote Summary:

Passed on August 02, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

11 out of 12 voting members have voted.

Agree: 10, Disagree: 1, Abstain: 0.

Background

Rules are ambiguous about how a displaced goal should be approached depending on which team displaces it, whether advantage should be played.

Conditions for awarding a goal was added in previous proposal this rule adds to this to ensure advantage is played

"...If the goal is displaced, a goal shall be awarded if the ball enters the displaced goal and the displacement was caused by the defending team, or if the ball crosses the marked goal line between the original positions of the goalposts and beneath the imaginary crossbar."

Proposal

Old

14B.8.6 Moving The Goal
The players are not allowed to move the goal.

New

14B.8.6 Moving The Goal

~~The players are not allowed to move the goal.~~

Players must not move the goal out of position. If the goal is displaced, the offending team must return it to its correct position.

If the non-offending team has possession, play continues under advantage (as the infringement is ongoing). If the goal is replaced before possession changes, play continues without interruption. However, if possession changes before the goal is restored, play is stopped and the non-offending team is awarded a free shot (corner or goalkeeper’s ball).

If the offending team has possession when the goal is moved, play is stopped and the non-offending team is awarded a free shot (corner or goalkeeper’s ball).

If it is unclear which team moved the goal, play is stopped and resumed with a face-off at the nearest corner mark.

Body

Added clear instruction for when advantage is played and when whistle is blown to penalise offending team.

References

Conditions for awarding a goal was added in previous proposal this rule adds to this to ensure advantage is played

Proposal 81: Unify Routine Length

Committee: 6. Freestyle

Vote Summary:

Passed on August 03, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

10 out of 15 voting members have voted.

Agree: 7, Disagree: 2, Abstain: 1.

Background

Routine length was defined long, long time ago (> 30 yrs) and still unchanged since then (excluding the reduction of group length). The original idea was to welcome new riders (first timers) with short routine length and give more experienced riders more time. Freestyle drastically changed since then, but this rule is still to be modernized. Now that we have plenty of experience with situations in which it went wrong, we can give it the update it needs.

The routine length rules are utterly complex and nowadays are considered harmful to riders as they even have routines with three different lengths within one season/year. Not only that, the relation of 4 minutes for one person in comparison to 5 minutes for 16 people stands in no healthy relationship. The problems continue: Around 10 yrs ago, in Germany “all” routines went “expert” and as such everybody above the age of 15 was forced to start with 4 minutes. We now clearly see, this is not in the favor of riders, quite the contrary. Not many routines (maybe only expert routines at Unicon) are able to use the 4 minutes effectively at all. The result is many trick-wise bloated or on the other end of the spectrum very bland routines. In both cases ruin the attractivity of our discipline. Events are stretched for no reasons while compromising by having less athletes to compete.

Proposal

OLD:

6B.8.1 Time Limits
Artistic Freestyle competitions use the time limits outlined below.

6B.8.1.1 Time Limits For Age Groups
Competition Age Time Limit
Individual
0-14 2 minutes
15+ 3 minutes
Jr. Expert 3 minutes
Expert 4 minutes
Pair
0-14 2 minutes
15+ 3 minutes
Jr. Expert 3 minutes
Expert 4 minutes

Small Group
Jr. Expert 4 minutes
Expert 5 minutes

Large Group
All 5 minutes

6B.8.1.2 Time Limits for Categories
Category Name Time Limit
Novice 2 minutes
Intermediate 3 minutes
Expert 4 minute

NEW:
### 6B.8.1 Time Limits

The maximum for routine lengths are:

- Individual: 3 min
- Pair: 3 min
- Group: 5 min

IUF Sanctioned & Endorsed events: Time limits are enforced.

Other events (eg. Newcomer Freestyle events that welcome first timers) can allow shorter durations to lower the entrance barrier for first timers. The maximum routine length must be announced with tender/bidding for each event.

Body

see discussion

References

Proposal 71: 3D.9 Starting Order

Committee: 3. Road Racing

Vote Summary:

Passed on August 04, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

9 out of 14 voting members have voted.

Agree: 8, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 1.

Background

Currently, the organization of wave starts in long-distance unicycle races faces recurring challenges due to the lack of reliable time data from participants at registration. A key issue is that only a minority of riders submit a best time, even when they have one. This significantly complicates the creation of fair and competitive starting waves.

The current system relies too heavily on optional time declarations, which are inconsistent and sometimes entered in incorrect units. Moreover, best times are not always relevant or recent. In contrast, target time/speed or expected time/speed —even estimated or training-based—are more useful for establishing a meaningful starting order. Because many months often separate registration and the race itself, the focus should shift from precise timing to approximate target ranges.

Proposal

Old rule:

3D.9 Starting Order

The goal in determining the starting order is to sort racers fairly by speed while still making sure that males and females race amongst themselves. Unless otherwise noted below, the fastest riders start first, and also within a start group (heat or mass start), riders should be positioned in the line-up by speed with the fastest in front. Starting order can be determined by seed time, or from the results of a previous Road Race in that competition. For example, if the Marathon follows the 10k, the results of the 10k can be used to determine the starting order for the Marathon. In the case that a racer does not have a seed time, and is signed up for a particular event (such as the Marathon) and did not participate in the previous race (such as the 10k), the Racing Clerk has the right to assign a starting position where they see fit.

New rule:

3D.9 Starting Order
1. The goal in determining the starting order is to sort racers fairly by speed while still making sure that males and females race amongst themselves. Unless otherwise noted below, the fastest riders start first, and also within a start group (heat or mass start), riders should be positioned in the line-up by speed with the fastest in front.

2. At Unicons, the Starting Order is determined based on an expected time or average speed declared by each competitor at registration. This declared value may be based on a previous race, a training session, or a personal estimate. It may be entered directly or selected from a predefined range provided during registration. Riders with the fastest expected performances will be placed in the earliest waves for wave starts, or at the front of the start line for mass starts. Riders who do not provide an expected time or speed may be placed in the last wave or at the back of the start line.

3. If results from a previous road race held during the same competition are available—such as a 10k before a marathon—they may also be used to help determine the starting order.

4. The starting order is the joint responsibility of the Race Director and the Referee.

Body

see discussion

References

Proposal 92: Include a registered Head Coach in Large Group

Committee: 6. Freestyle

Vote Summary:

Passed on August 08, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

10 out of 15 voting members have voted.

Agree: 9, Disagree: 1, Abstain: 0.

Background

Therefore it is proposed to also include a "Head Coach" in the Large Group section of the rules.

Proposal

Old rule:

6B.6.1.2 Large Group

Minimum of nine riders, no maximum number of riders.

New Rule:

6B.6.1.2 Large Group

Minimum of nine riders, no maximum number of riders and it may include one registered Head Coach.

Body

Further information can be found in the corresponding discussion and in the corresponding discussion.

References

Proposal 80: New section around the notion of position of a player

Committee: 15. Basketball

Vote Summary:

Passed on August 03, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

5 out of 9 voting members have voted.

Agree: 5, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

The FIBA rules use the feet position at several places and we need to clarify what it means in unicycle basketball.

Proposal

Addition of a new section between Sections 15B.5.2 and 15B.5.3.

Section 15B.5.Y Position of a player

For all purposes of location (restricted area, 3-point goal area, backcourt, and any other lane), when a mounted player is not airborne, both their feet are considered on the floor at the point of contact between the wheel and the floor.

A player is considered stationary when their wheel is stopped, their body is above the wheel and no part of their body is moving outside of their cylinder.

Body

The first paragraph is expliciting what everybody has in mind.

The second paragraph clarifies the notion of stationary player, which can be misunderstood (by beginners typically).

References

Proposal 61: Standardizing Age Groups across Urban Disciplines

Committee: 11 & 12. Trials

Vote Summary:

Passed on July 21, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

4 out of 8 voting members have voted.

Agree: 4, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

Proposal

Old:

11D.4 Age Groups

Competitors are divided up into different categories for the purpose of awarding prizes.
Rider age groups are composed of the following categories:
Kids, for riders aged 0-9
Junior, for riders aged 10-15
Adult, for riders aged 16-34
Senior, for riders who are equal to or older than 35
The minimum number of competitors in a category must be 3, otherwise it will be blended
with another category at the discretion of the director. Please refer to 1C.7.2 for more
information on merging age groups.

New:

11D.4 Categories and Age Groups

Male and female competitions should be offered in each of the following categories:

Junior
consisting of the age groups Kids (0-10) and Youth (11-14)

Adult
consisting of the age groups Young Adult (15-34), Senior (35-49) and Master (50+).

*The minimum number of competitors in a category must be 3, otherwise it will be blended
with another category at the discretion of the director. Please refer to 1C.7.2 for more
information on merging age groups.*

*this section might be removed in the other discussion/proposal

Body

I included a small renaming of the Youth age group and the Young Adult age group, to prevent confusion by having the same names as the main categories they are part of.

We chose 0-10 for the Kids age group to prepare inclusion into standardization across all unicycling disciplines, since 0-10 has a high probability of being an age group there.

References

Proposal 79: Complete rewrite of Section 15C.2 about referees / game officials

Committee: 15. Basketball

Vote Summary:

Passed on August 03, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

5 out of 9 voting members have voted.

Agree: 5, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

The section about game referees was small. Also, in many Unicons, some players were unhappy with some of the referees.

Proposal

Old rule:

15C.2 Game Referee

The Game Referees are the head officials for a game, whose primary job is to make sure the competitors follow the rules. The Game Referees make all final decisions regarding rule infractions. The Game Referees are responsible for resolving protests.

New rule:

15C.2 Game Officials

As with Rule Eight of the FIBA Rulebook, game officials shall consist of two or three referees and at least two table officials (at least the scorer and a timer/assistant scorer). Referees shall have all of the responsibilities and powers described in Articles 45, 46, and 47 except for articles covering the referees uniforms. The referees are responsible for resolving protests concerning the game.

Referees should be selected for the game based on the following criteria:

Referees should not be teammates or members of the clubs of either team (even members not playing in the tournament)
Referees should not include only players/participants from one team within the same tournament
When the tournament consists of teams from more than one region, referees should not include only players/participants from one region
Referees should not include players in the same tournament

If the referee pool is insufficient the directors may relax these restrictions starting at the bottom of the list and working upward. The directors may choose to limit the pool based on technical referee skills.

At Unicon, for all playoff games in the A tournament, experienced referees who are not playing in the A tournament and not associated with any teams in the A tournament should be used. These would typically be certified on-foot basketball referees paid via the Unicon budget. One such referee per game should also be planned for other important games preceding the playoffs (this would depend on the tournament format), allowing them to get used to the unicycle basketball particularities before the playoffs.

Body

The new section describes in more details the game officials and their role. Furthermore, it gives constraints to guide the choice of referees, and in which order to relax them when they cannot be fullfilled.

References

Proposal 59: Fixed 4 instances of non gender-neutral language

Committee: 14. Hockey

Vote Summary:

Passed on July 19, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

11 out of 12 voting members have voted.

Agree: 10, Disagree: 1, Abstain: 0.

Background

Gender-neutral language

Proposal

Old

14A.2 Rider Summary
This section is intended as an overview of the rules, but does not substitute for the actual
rules.
• A player may only take part in a game when riding the unicycle. After falling off
he or she has to mount at the same spot, but if necessary move out of the way of
play first.

14B.5.3 Riding The Unicycle
The player has to be riding the unicycle freely. He or she may use the stick as support

14B.8.3 SUB (Stick Under Bike)
A player who holds his or her stick in a way that someone else rides over or against it is
always committing a foul regardless of the situation.

14B.8.8 Throwing Sticks
A player must not intentionally drop or throw his or her stick.

New

14A.2 Rider Summary
This section is intended as an overview of the rules, but does not substitute for the actual
rules.
• A player may only take part in a game when riding the unicycle. After falling off
the player must mount at the same spot, but if necessary move out of the way of
play first...

14B.5.3 Riding The Unicycle
The player has to be riding the unicycle freely. They may use the stick as support...

14B.8.3 SUB (Stick Under Bike)
A player who holds their stick in a way that someone else rides over or against it is
always committing a foul regardless of the situation.

14B.8.8 Throwing Sticks
A player must not intentionally drop or throw their stick.

Body

Gender neutral language

References

Proposal 60: Calling penalties in instances where they do not affect the course of the game

Committee: 14. Hockey

Vote Summary:

Passed on July 19, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

11 out of 12 voting members have voted.

Agree: 11, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

Inconsistencies between whether penalties should be called or not

Proposal

Old

14B.8.1 General Considerations
... Intentional delay of the game is not permitted and may result in a penalty and the stoppage of time. To keep the game going, rule violations
that do not inuence the course of the game should not be penalized.

14B.9 Penalties

In every instance of a violation of the rules the referee must penalize the oﬀending team
or play the advantage...

New

14B.8.1 General Considerations
...Intentional delay of the game is not permitted and may result in a penalty and the stoppage of time. To keep the game going, rule violations
that do not influence the course of the game should not be penalized.

14B.9 Penalties
In instances of a violation of the rules, the referee must penalize the oﬀending team or play the advantage. However, rule violations that do not influence the course of the game shall not be penalized. Any rule violation resulting in a player being sent to the penalty box, (2-minute, 5-minute, or match send-offs) shall be deemed to have influenced the course of the game. When playing...

Body

Clarrified when penatlies should be called.

References

Proposal 58: 14B.7.1 Conditions for Awarding a Goal & goal line markings

Committee: 14. Hockey

Vote Summary:

Passed on July 19, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

11 out of 12 voting members have voted.

Agree: 10, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 1.

Background

Needed goal lines marked and also how far does a ball need to go to be a valid goal.

Proposal

Old

14B.7.1 Goal Shot With Arms Or Hands

...

14B.7.2 Long Shot

...

14B.7.3 Ball In The Outside Of The Net

...

14D.3.3 Markings
The center line divides the field into two equal halves, and the center mark is in the
middle of the center line. There are marks in front of each goal at a distance of 6.5 m.
The goal lines connect the posts on the ground. The corner marks are on the extension of the goal lines, 2 m in from the boundaries. The 6.5m lines are parallel to the goal lines and run through the 6.5m marks. The 6.5m lines shall be vertically marked on the barriers or walls of the playing field. The goal areas are between the 6.5m lines and the ends of the field.

New

14B.7 Goal Shots

14B.7.1 Conditions for Awarding a Goal

A goal is considered scored when the entire ball crosses the rear edge of the goal line, provided it entered from the front of the goal and was played legally with no offence committed by the attacking team immediately before or during the goal.

If the goal is displaced, a goal shall be awarded if the ball enters the displaced goal and the displacement was caused by the defending team, or if the ball crosses the marked goal line between the original positions of the goalposts and beneath the imaginary crossbar.

14B.7.2 Goal Shot With Arms Or Hands
...

14B.7.3 Long Shot
...

14B.7.4 Ball In The Outside Of The Net
...

14D.3.3 Markings
The center line divides the field into two equal halves, and the center mark is in the
middle of the center line. There are marks in front of each goal at a distance of 6.5 m.
A 5 cm wide goal line shall be marked on the ground between the goal posts, with the front edge of the goal line (the side closest to the center mark) in line with the front face of the goal posts. The corner marks are on the extension of the goal lines, 2 m in from the boundaries. The 6.5m lines are parallel to the goal lines and run through the 6.5m marks. The 6.5m lines shall be vertically marked on the barriers or walls of the playing field. The goal areas are between the 6.5m lines and the ends of the field.

Body

Added rules for marking goal line and also for what is considered a valid goal.

References

Proposal 85: Classes and Age Groups

Committee: 6. Freestyle

Vote Summary:

Passed on August 10, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

10 out of 15 voting members have voted.

Agree: 6, Disagree: 3, Abstain: 1.

Background

In the general committee the “chaos” between age groups, novice/intermediate/experts, who is a winner, etc. is going to get reworked. The proposal is to use classes that will be used to award championship titles. And within that age groups are possible. This is really great to freestyle as it will simplify a lot of rules and benefit a lot of riders with that.

It adresses all aspects of organizing/structuring the event wrt classes (new) and age groups. All while "modernizing" the quite antiquated freestyle section here in catching up with parts in general (existing and those to come as per current discussions).

Additionally Artistic Freestyle is the only discipline that has limits at Unicon (Championship and Convention competitions), we propose that freestyle will be the first one to support a youth class - germany is already using them (see the numbers posted there) to divide competitors into that ages as we hit the limits with the IUF rulebook. We took the opportunity to share our experiences in managing such a high number of athletes.

Proposal

OLD:

6C.4.4 Judging Panel May Not Change

6E.5 Classes and Age Groups

6E.6 Categories for Smaller Competitions

NEW:

## 6E.5 Classes and Age Groups

### 6E.5.1 Supported Classes

Artistic Freestyle will support classes based on competitions.

### 6E.5.1.1 Individual and Pair

A youth class as per 1C.x shall be used when the requirements (see below) are met:

1. Junior (< 15)
2. Youth (15 - 18)
3. Adult (>= 19)

Requirements:

IUF Sanctioned events: All three classes are used

Other events: Youth and Adult class should have at least 8 starters each

Reasons:

- Visibility: Ensure athletes from the youth class are represented
- Equality: Ensure a stable competitor field within one class with similar conditions that gives athletes more equal chances to win a championship title
- Development pipeline: Establish conditions for growth within the discipline

### 6E.5.1.2 Groups

Small and large group uses two classes:

1. Junior (< 15)
2. Adult (>= 15)

### 6E.5.2 Minimum Age Groups: Individual and Pair

Artistic Freestyle recommends to follow age groups and their guaranteed ranges (as per 1C.7 Age Groups).

IUF Sanctioned & Endorsed events: Recommended age groups will be enforced for Individual and Pair competitions.

Other events (eg. Newcomer Freestyle events that welcome first timers) are free to adjust age groups to match their expected competitors.

### 6E.6 Results

Awards can be given for classes (championship titles) or age groups (winners) and must be announced for each event.

IUF Sanctioned events: Athletes are awarded in classes (championship titles).

IUF Endorsed events: Recommended to award athletes in classes (championship titles).

Qualification Event: If an organization uses multiple events throughout the year as a qualification series, athletes advance based on their results in a class, see section 6C.4.4 for the judging panel arrangement.

### 6E.7 Start Groups

Forming start groups is up to the event, but should be based on classes or age groups. For IUF Sanctioned and Endorsed events (when following the recommendation) class based start groups are enforced.

### 6E.8 Warm Up Time

Hosts must ensure warmup time on the competition floor. For example with a separate area (locked away from the competition, but same floor) or through breaks in the schedule to give the next wave of riders time to acclimate with the floor.

Example:
For large start groups, there is a warmup break every ~10 routines - or - there is one warmup block for the next three start groups if combined they are not more than 10 people.

The numbers in the example shall give orientation, please pick reasonable numbers that match your schedule and suit the athletes warm up needs.

###6E.7 Pre-Event Practice Time -> 6E.9 Pre-Event Practice Time

### 6C.4.4 Judging Panel May Not Change

A judging panel remains persistent minimum per age group. If the event awards athletes by class or uses class results, the judging panel must remain persistent per class. In the event of a medical or other emergency, this rule can be waived by the Chief Judge.

Body

see Discussion

Some aspects depend on discussions/proposals from upstream committees and may impact this proposal. We continue with this proposal as planned. We will make a placeholder proposal to adjust it to upstream outcomes.

References

Proposal 83: 14B.8.11 Stick attacks

Committee: 14. Hockey

Vote Summary:

Passed on August 06, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

11 out of 12 voting members have voted.

Agree: 10, Disagree: 1, Abstain: 0.

Background

There was a desire for more specific rules on attacking peoples sticks.

Proposal

Old

14B.8 Fouls
14B.8.1 General Considerations
All players must take care not to endanger others. Exaggerated roughness can lead to
injuries and must therefore be avoided. The game is non-contact: the opponents and
their unicycles may not be touched. The players must take care not to hit an opponent
with their stick, especially after a shot. Only in the vicinity of the ball (defined as the
ball within the radius of the outstretched arm length plus stick) may a player touch
an opponent's stick with their stick to block them. However, this contact may not be
hard. It is illegal to turn the blade of the stick upside down in order to hook into an
opponent's stick. Raising the opponent's stick is allowed in principle, if not done using
exaggerated roughness. If the opponent's stick is raised to a high stick, it is always
considered exaggerated roughness. Intentional delay of the game is not permitted and
may result in a penalty and the stoppage of time.

New

14B.8.1 General Considerations
All players must take care not to endanger others. Exaggerated roughness can lead to
injuries and must therefore be avoided. The game is non-contact: the opponents and
their unicycles may not be touched. The players must take care not to hit an opponent
with their stick, especially after a shot. Only in the vicinity of the ball (defined as the
ball within the radius of the outstretched arm length plus stick) may a player touch
an opponent's stick with their stick to block them. However, this contact may not be
hard. It is illegal to turn the blade of the stick upside down in order to hook into an
opponent's stick. Raising the opponent's stick is allowed in principle, if not done using
exaggerated roughness. If the opponent's stick is raised to a high stick, it is always
considered exaggerated roughness. Intentional delay of the game is not permitted and
may result in a penalty and the stoppage of time.

14B.8.11 Stick contact

Only in the vicinity of the ball (defined as the ball within the radius of the outstretched arm length plus stick) may a player touch an opponent's stick with their stick to block them. However, this contact may not be hard. The players must take care not to hit an opponent with their stick, especially after a shot.

14B.8.11.1 Hooking

It is illegal to use the blade of the stick in a manner that enables the player to restrain an opponent's stick.

14B.8.11.2 Slashing

Any downward or forceful chop with the stick on an opponent’s stick that, in the judgment of the referee, involves excessive force, shall be penalized as slashing. Raising an opponent’s stick is permitted unless it involves excessive force, such as causing the opponent’s stick to reach high-stick height. In such cases, it shall be considered slashing.

Body

Removing rules from the General considerations and placing them within their own sections.

References

Reference
Proposal 72: 14B.8.12 Intentional Delay Of Game

If passed this will remove "Intentional delay of the game is not permitted and may result in a penalty and the stoppage of time. " from General considerations before this proposal comes to pass.

Proposal 60: Calling penalties in instances where they do not affect the course of the game

Already passed removing . To keep the game going, rule violations that do not influence the course of the game should not be penalized.

Added into 14B.9 Penalties instead

Proposal 109: Introduction of two official competition levels

Committee: Main Committee

Vote Summary:

Passed on August 23, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

11 out of 19 voting members have voted.

Agree: 8, Disagree: 1, Abstain: 2.

Background

Currently, some disciplines use the term “Expert” as the highest competition level, in other disciplines the term is used as a synonym for a final/final ranking and even others simply use it as a performance level to give riders an indication of which "course" they should register for.

In order to be able to clearly recognize when registering for a specific event whether you are registering for an event in which you can potentially compete for a championship title or not, there should be two competition levels that are clearly defined and allow this distinction to be made when registering for events.

I have adapted the previous definition of Expert / Junior Expert so that its use in other places in the Rulebook continues to have a reference - in the long term, the term should be replaced wherever the old definition of Expert / Junior Expert is used in the Rulebook.

Proposal

Old rule:

1A.4 World Champions

The Male and Female winners of each individual event at Unicon are the World Champions for that event. There is no age limit to winning the overall title.

Age group winners can use the title 'Age-Group Winner', and the term 'World Champions' generally refers to winners of Overall, Finals or Expert class.

Winners in the Expert category of each event at Unicon are the World Champions. In the individual events, separate titles are awarded for male and female. Winners in the Jr. Expert category at Unicon are the Junior World Champions.

The male/female winner of the Expert category at Unicon is the Male/Female World Champion. The male/female winner of the Junior Expert category at Unicon is the Male/Female Junior World Champion. In the absence of any of these categories, no title will be awarded. No title is awarded for the Advanced category.

1D.1 Definitions

[...]

Expert: The top category in events that don't have a system to determine Finalists. When no other limitations are present, riders can choose to compete in this category against the other top riders. Limitations on this may be if top riders are chosen at previous competitions, such as national events, or if there is a limit on the number of competitors per country. The category is called Expert, and riders entered in it can be called Experts. The distinction of Experts over Finalists is that they are not chosen based on competition results at the current convention.

[...]

Junior Expert: Same as Expert, but open only to riders age 0-14. Riders in this age range may optionally enter Expert instead, to compete in the highest/hardest category.

[...]

New rule:

1A.4 World Champions

1. For each individual event that is held at championship level at Unicon, World Champions are determined in the classes and gender categories of the respective event.
2. For classes other than the Senior class, the World Champion title is preceded by the corresponding class name, e.g. Junior World Champion.
3. Only winners of the respective final or final-ranking/overall-ranking of championship level events at Unicon are designated as "World Champions", respectively "World Champions" preceded by the corresponding class name. Age-group winners may use the term “Age-Group Winner”, but this does not refer to a World Championship title.

1D.1 Definitions

[...]

Expert / Junior Expert: The former word for the top category in events that don't have a system to determine Finalists. Expert or Junior Expert mean events at championship level where there is only one round of competing and a final-/overall-ranking is determined based on this single round.

[...]

--- To be inserted at the corresponding place. I have adapted the previous definition of Expert / Junior Expert so that its use in other places in the Rulebook continues to have a reference - in the long term, the term should be replaced wherever the old definition of Expert / Junior Expert is used in the Rulebook.osition of 1D.1 Definitions ---

Championship Level: The Championship Level is the highest competition level of an event. Championship titles are only awarded from finals or final-rankings/overall-rankings at Championship Level. Championship Level events are usually defined without any preffix or suffix in their name.

Convention Level: The Convention Level is a competition level in which no championship titles are awarded. The Convention Level supports the convention aspect of an event to allow for a broader field of participants who cannot or do not desire to compete at the highest level. Convention Level events must clearly indicate their affiliation to the Convention Level by a corresponding preffix or suffix in their name.

Body

Further information can be found in the corresponding discussion and in the corresponding discussion.

References

Proposal 88: 14D.3.1 Playing field dimensions

Committee: 14. Hockey

Vote Summary:

Passed on August 10, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

11 out of 12 voting members have voted.

Agree: 8, Disagree: 1, Abstain: 2.

Background

Rule changes shall be reflected in the playing field dimensions. The playing field shall contain helpful markings to identify proper free shot spots.

Proposal

14D.3 Playing Field

14D.3.1 Dimensions

https://einrad-bdr.de/upload/file/IUF_Rulebook_Committee/hockey-field_NEW_V250729.pdf

The field has a length of 35 to 45 meters and a breadth of 20 to 25 meters. It is surrounded by barriers (boards or walls). The corners are rounded or beveled.

14D.3.2 Goals
The goal posts are 2.50 m in from the ends of the playing field (ground lines), ensuring that the players can go behind them. The inside dimensions of goal openings are 1.20 m high and 1.80 m wide. The goals must be made in such a way that the ball cannot enter through the rear or sides. The goals must not have sharp, pointed or protruding parts.

14D.3.3 Markings
The center line divides the field into two equal halves, and the center mark is in the middle of the center line. There are marks in front of each goal at a distance of 6.5 m. The goal lines connect the posts on the ground. The corner marks are on the extension of the goal lines, 2.0 m in from the boundaries. The 6.5 m lines are parallel to the goal lines and run through the 6.5 m marks. The goal areas are between the 6.5 m lines and the ends of the field.

Two meters from each side line, T-markings shall be placed on the center line and the 6.5m lines to visually identify the 2m infield boundary for free shots. These T-markings may be connected by dashed lines. Circles of 2 m radius may be marked around the center mark, each corner mark and each 6.5 m mark to visually enforce the minimum distance players must observe during face-offs, free-shots or penalties.

Body

The accepted rule changes are incorporated into the playing field graphic and the textual description.

The former playing field graphic was improved to incorporate the correct dimensions.

The graphic uses a scale of 1:200 - one square of the chequered paper equals 1m * 1m.

References

Proposal 48: Reworking judging criteria definitions 'difficulty', 'variety', 'consistency', 'last trick'

Committee: 9. Flatland

Vote Summary:

Passed on July 14, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

6 out of 10 voting members have voted.

Agree: 6, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

I suggest reworking the definitions of the three judging criteria 'Difficulty', 'Variety' & 'Consistency'.
Reason behind it being, that these criteria overlap, punishing or rewarding riders too much in certain cases and making it harder for to judge them individually.

Additon, that was not part of the discussion:
I have removed the 1-5 point scoring for last tricks, as they are too limited and we have been using 0-10 as the standard for years now.
Hope, everyone supports this even without talking about it.

Proposal

OLD

9C.4.1 Judging Criteria

Preliminary rounds and battles are judged using the following criteria. Each category is
scored out of 10 points, except Last Trick, and weighted differently:

Difficulty (25% of score):
Score is given for technical difficulty of the tricks and combos landed during the battle/preliminary.

Consistency (23% of score):
Score is given for number of landed trick/combos on total of number of tricks/combos
attempted during the battle/preliminary.

Flow (20% of score):
Score is given for cleanliness and style of rider during the battle/preliminary.

Variety (18% of score):
Score is given for variation in the types of tricks done during the battle/preliminary.

Last Trick (14% of score):
Score is given for technical difficulty, novelty, creativity, and flow.
The rider is not obligated to use all attempts or to try the same trick every attempt.
Only the last attempt will be scored. Other failed attempts do not subtract from the
score.
Guide on how to score points for last trick:
• 0 point: nothing landed or unworthy trick
• 1 point: passable trick
• 2 point: okay trick
• 3 points: good trick
• 4 points: great trick
• 5 points: insane trick

NEW

9C.4.1 Judging Criteria

Preliminary rounds and battles are judged using the following criteria. Each category is
scored out of 10 points and weighted differently:

Difficulty (25% of score):
Score is given for average technical difficulty of the tricks and combos landed during the battle/run.
Combos should increase the score significantly, scaling with their length, to reward riders for taking the increased risk.
Failed combos do not give any points.

Variety (18% of score):
Score is given for the average variation in the types of tricks done during the battle/preliminary.

Fullness (23% of score):
Score is given for time used for successfully landing tricks.
Preparing and riding up to successfully landed tricks is considered part of the trick.
The harder a trick is, the more time is acceptable as preparation/run up time.

Flow (20% of score):
Score is given for cleanliness and style of rider during the battle/preliminary.

Body

This way, we have better separated the amount of tricks done, from their difficulty and variety and at the same time removed the loop hole of attempting and landing very little tricks and still getting a high 'Consistency' score.

References

Proposal 68: A more precise description of the roles of the Basketball Directors

Committee: 15. Basketball

Vote Summary:

Passed on July 27, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

6 out of 9 voting members have voted.

Agree: 6, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

The section is quite minimalist and needs more precision.

Proposal

Old rule

15C.1 Basketball Director

The Basketball Director is the head organizer and administrator of basketball events. The Basketball Director is responsible for the logistics and equipment for the basketball competition. The Basketball Director is in charge of keeping events running on schedule.

New rule

15C.1 Basketball Director

The Basketball Director is the head organizer and administrator of basketball competitions. The Basketball Director is responsible for the logistics and equipment for the basketball competitions. The Basketball Director is in charge of deciding and specifying the tournament structure, and of keeping events running on schedule. The Basketball Director is responsible for resolving the general protests not concerning specific games, except for the choice of referees for a game.

The Basketball Director may be assisted by a Basketball Co-Director. They shall not be players of the same basketball team in the competition. If a protest concerns the team of one of the two Directors, the final decision on the protest is made by the other Director. In cases with no conflicts of interest but in which they disagree, the final decision is made by the (primary) Director.

Body

The role of Director is explained in more details (tournament structure and protest management are added explicitly).

The role of co-Director is officialized and explained.

References

Proposal 97: Introduction of mandatory classes for rewarding championship titles

Committee: Age Groups

Vote Summary:

Passed on August 13, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

12 out of 15 voting members have voted.

Agree: 11, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 1.

Background

The proposal aims to introduce uniform classes for all disciplines within which championship titles are awarded. This proposal addresses a problem that has existed for many years, namely that athletes, coaches and outsiders cannot understand why there is currently a junior class in some disciplines but not in others. However, a meaningful sporting comparison between juniors and adults is not possible, which this proposal addresses.

Proposal

Old rule:

None

New rule:

1C.x Classes (to be added between 1C.6 and 1C.7)

1. Classes reward championship titles. Boundaries of a class ensure equal conditions to compete for that title. There are two classes:
i) Junior (<14)
ii) Senior (15+)
2. Classes can never be merged. Organizers may choose to only offer competitions in one of the classes, but if they allow competitors of both classes, they need to be separate.

Body

Further information can be found in the corresponding discussion and in the corresponding discussion.

References

Proposal 98: Extension of the classes by a third, optional youth class

Committee: Age Groups

Vote Summary:

Passed on August 13, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

12 out of 15 voting members have voted.

Agree: 6, Disagree: 3, Abstain: 3.

Background

If the proposal to introduce the Junior and Adult classes is accepted, a third, optional “Youth” class should be introduced with this proposal.

Proposal

Extension of 1C.x Classes by the aspects written in bold:

1C.x Classes (to be added between 1C.6 and 1C.7)

1. Classes reward championship titles. Boundaries of a class ensure equal conditions to compete for that title. There are two mandatory classes:
i) Junior (<14)
ii) Senior (15+)
2. Classes can never be merged. Organizers may choose to only offer competitions in one of the mandatory classes, but if they allow competitors of both classes, they need to be separate.
3. Additionally a third class Youth (15 - 18) can be used, with given reasons in the Event Organizer Rules of each respective section. The youth class should only be used with a correspondingly high number of participants and sufficient performance differences to the adult class. When Youth class is used, the Senior class only includes starters at the age of >=19.

Body

Further information can be found in the corresponding discussion and in the corresponding discussion.

References

Proposal 66: 3D.15.2 Distance Measurement for Fixed Distance Races

Committee: 3. Road Racing

Vote Summary:

Passed on August 10, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

10 out of 14 voting members have voted.

Agree: 8, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 2.

Background

The current wording of Rule 3D.15.2 does not provide a sufficiently precise framework for the measurement of fixed-distance races, especially in the context of potential World Records. This limitation has been identified and discussed with the World Record Committee. To ensure that fixed-distance race results can qualify for record recognition, it is essential that the course be measured before the event using a method that guarantees both accuracy and consistency.

Ideally, an official measurement should be conducted in advance using a Jones Counter, following World Athletics procedures or a method of comparable precision. However, in situations where such a full official measurement is not feasible before the race, a simplified but conservative method can be used instead. This method does not allow for direct recognition of records, but it ensures that the course length is not underestimated.

The proposed simplified method maintains key elements of best practice: it includes the careful calibration of the Jones Counter on a straight, stable calibration course of 300 to 500 meters, measured with a certified steel tape of at least 30 meters. It eliminates lower-priority steps such as post-race recalibration or temperature correction, and instead requires both calibration and course measurement to be performed at a time of day when ambient temperature is stable. A correction factor of 1.003 is applied to the calibration factor to introduce a deliberate margin of safety, ensuring that the measured course is slightly longer than the advertised distance. This ensures credibility while maintaining practicality.

This dual approach—allowing both official and simplified pre-race measurements—ensures that fixed-distance races are measured with appropriate rigor, while also providing organizers with a workable alternative when official measurement is not logistically possible. Any potential World Record performances based on the simplified method must still be confirmed by an official measurement conducted after the event.

Proposal

Old rule :

3D.15.2 Distance Measurement for Fixed Distance Races
In the case of fixed distance races, the course must be accurately measured along the shortest possible path. The course must be guaranteed to be no shorter than the advertised distance.
The following procedure is acceptable for accuracy. A more accurate method is also allowed.

Set out a calibration course on straight, flat asphalt, with a minimum length of 100 meters, using a steel measuring tape of 5 meters or longer.
Ride the calibration course at least once with a bike or unicycle (minimum wheel size 24 inch). Ride normally, without too much wobble, and at normal speed. Take care that mounting and dismounting don't cause the wheel to swerve, or be lifted from the surface. Carefully count the number of wheel revolutions required to ride the calibration course. Include partial wheel revolutions (for example through counting the number of spokes passed for the last partial revolution).
Calculate the wheel roll‑out (meters per revolution) from step 2.
If you are going to use a cycle computer: enter the wheel roll‑out value to the nearest millimeter in a reliable cycle computer with a wheel sensor (such as a magnet).
Fit the cycle computer, or a wheel revolution counter, to the same bike or unicycle used in Step 2.
Ride the actual race course, following the shortest possible path. Take care to ride in the same way as in step 2.
Read the distance from the cycle computer, or calculate from wheel revolutions and wheel roll‑out.
Calculate the applicable safety margin by adding up (1) 0.4% of the measured distance, and (2) the resolution of the cycle computer distance readout. Example: if your cycle computer shows 10.15 km, the safety margin is 0.4% · 10.15 km + 0.01 km = 0.0506 km = 50.6 m. Note: you can skip (2) if you use a wheel revolution counter that can resolve single wheel revolutions.
Add the safety margin to the actual course (for example shift the start and/or finish line), to guarantee that the course is at least the advertised distance.

Note that Steps 2 through 7 must be done without breaks. The same rider should ride the calibration course and the race course. The tire pressure should not be altered in the meantime.

New rule :

3D.15.2 Distance Measurement for Fixed Distance Races

1. For fixed-distance races, the course must be measured accurately along a path 30 cm from the kerb or other solid boundaries to the riding surface, to ensure that the measured distance is at least equal to the advertised distance.
1.1. When ever possible an official measurement must be carried out before the race. For this the course distance must be measured using a Jones Counter, following the official IAAF recommendations or an equivalent method offering comparable accuracy. This measurement ensures the validity of the results and the potential recognition of records.
1.2. If an official measurement before the race is not feasible, a simplified method using a Jones Counter may be used. This method maintains a high level of accuracy and ensures a conservative measurement by applying a correction factor of 1.003. No records can be recognized by this measurement.
2. If the simplified method was used before the race, an official measurement must be conducted after the event to validate any potential record.

3D.15.2.1 Simplified method using a Jones Counter

1. The following equipment is required for measurements using a Jones Counter:
i A certified Jones Counter, mounted on a bicycle wheel (preferably with a smooth, well-inflated tire).
ii A calibration course: a straight, flat, and stable section of road with a known precise length, ideally between 300 m and 500 m.
iii A certified steel measuring tape of at least 30 meters, used to confirm or verify the exact length of the calibration course.
iv Markers to clearly define the start and end points of the calibration course.
v A notebook or app to record all measurements.
2. The simplified method using a Jones Counter consists of three steps, according to i - iii. Calibration and course measurement must be carried out consecutively at a time of day when there is no great variation in temperature.
i Calibration of the Jones Counter: a critical step
Calibrating the Jones Counter is essential to ensure the accuracy of all subsequent measurements. This step must be performed meticulously:
i.i Setting up the calibration course: Choose a straight, stable section of road, and confirm its exact length using a steel measuring tape. Ensure that the start and end points are clearly marked and fixed.
i.ii Measuring the calibration course: Perform 4 measurements (2 round trips) of the calibration course with the Jones Counter:
Ride slowly and steadily along the full length of the course, maintaining a straight line.
Record the Jones Counter readings at each end for every pass.
i.iii Managing errors: If any reading deviates significantly from the others, it must be discarded. Such errors may arise from deviations in the bicycle’s path or instability. If necessary, repeat the 4 measurements to obtain reliable data.
i.iv Calculating the calibration factor (CF):
Average the valid readings to determine the calibration factor:
CF = Average number of Jones Counter counts over 4 measurements / Length of the calibration course in meters
i.v Applying the correction factor: Apply a correction factor of 1.003 to ensure a conservative measurement:
CFcorrected = CF × 1.003
ii Measuring the course:
ii.i Starting point: Position the bicycle equipped with the Jones Counter at the starting point of the course.
ii.ii Measurement: Ride slowly and steadily along the shortest possible path of the course (the "ideal line").
ii.iii Final reading: Record the Jones Counter reading at the finish point.
iii Calculating the measured distance:
Use the corrected calibration factor to convert the Jones Counter readings into the actual distance:
Actual distance (m)= Total number of Jones Counter counts over the course / CFcorrected

Body

see discussion

References

Proposal 99: 3D.6 Ungeared Awards

Committee: 3. Road Racing

Vote Summary:

Passed on August 16, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

10 out of 14 voting members have voted.

Agree: 7, Disagree: 3, Abstain: 0.

Background

The current rule is problematic in several ways. It appears in section 3D, which concerns organizers and is therefore largely unknown to most competitors. More importantly, the attribution of these awards depends on the number of geared competitors rather than the number of ungeared participants, which is inconsistent with the intended purpose of rewarding ungeared performances. This lack of transparency means that many competitors are unaware of the existence of the award or cannot anticipate whether it will be attributed, leading to a general lack of interest in this ranking — a surprising situation for what is supposed to be an “expert” classification. In practice, it often rewards ungeared 36" riders, while some competitors on standard 29" setups, sometimes faster, are overlooked. At UNICON, local riders are also disproportionately represented among the ungeared 36" participants, simply because transporting such a large wheel internationally is difficult and often impractical. While the introduction of this award may have made sense in the context of the 10km, which lacks a 29" category despite welcoming many ungeared riders with wheels larger than 24", its relevance in other races like the marathon, climbing road race, or criterium is questionable. Personal experience has shown that while standing on the podium for this category is pleasant, the medals awarded do not carry much meaning.

Proposal

Old rule:

3D.6 Ungeared Awards
At Unicon, if there are five or more geared male riders in an Unlimited event, the fastest three ungeared male riders will be awarded with an ungeared title for that event. Similarly, if there are five or more geared female riders in an Unlimited event at Unicon, the fastest three ungeared female riders will be awarded with an ungeared title for that event. This is only for the overall classication, not for Age Groups. Other events can choose to award the fastest three, one, or none of the ungeared riders as they wish.

New rule:

Body

see discussion

References

Proposal 67: Clarification of 15B.5.7 Ball on Floor

Committee: 15. Basketball

Vote Summary:

Passed on August 13, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

7 out of 9 voting members have voted.

Agree: 7, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

Some parts of the Section were ambiguous.

Proposal

Old rule

15B.5.7 Ball on Floor

Any player may pick up a ball that is rolling or stopped on the ground. This can be dangerous, so care must be taken not to foul a player that is bent over to pick up the ball. If several players simultaneously try to pick up the ball and make contact, the usual rules about fouls apply. However, if a player not currently trying to pick up the ball is not leaving enough space to a bent player in the referee's judgement, a violation against the disrespectful player may be called. If the referee judges that no teams are able to pick up the ball, a jump ball situation occurs. A player may stop a rolling ball with their hand but shall not intentionally make the ball roll on the ground.

New rule

15B.5.7 Ball on Floor

A player may try to stop with their hand a ball that is rolling on the floor. If such an attempt makes the ball roll in another direction and/or makes the ball roll faster, intentionally or not, a violation shall be called. Furthermore, any contact by something other than the hands with a ball on the floor (rolling or stationary) is a violation if the ball changes velocity (stops, starts, or changes speed or direction).

A player may try to pick up a ball that is rolling or lying on the floor. If the ball is not lifted off during such an attempt, the action is judged as an attempt to stop the ball. If the referee judges that no teams are able to pick up the ball in a reasonable time, a jump ball situation may be called.

Picking up a ball can be dangerous for the player, so care must be taken not to foul a player that is bent over to pick up the ball. If several players simultaneously try to pick up the ball and make contact, the usual rules about fouls apply. When a player is attempting to pick up the ball, no other player shall enter the space occupied by the bent player. A violation may be called if such entry is deemed by the referee to compromise the bent player's safety, regardless of whether physical contact occurs. Additionally, a violation may be called if a player positions themselves or remains so close to the ball for an extended period of time that it obstructs or prevents all players from safely picking it up.

Body

No strong changes but many clarifications.

References

Proposal 95: Changing 3D.12 Finishes into 3D.12 Timing, Photo Finish

Committee: 3. Road Racing

Vote Summary:

Passed on August 13, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

10 out of 14 voting members have voted.

Agree: 10, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

The section deals less with the actual finish and more with the timing of road races, which is taken into account in this proposal.

Overall, the rule now covers the following aspects:
- which methods of timekeeping are permitted
- what are official times
- how the ranking order is determined

Proposal

Ole rule:

3D.12 Finishes

If finish times for a race are timed using microchips or other non-photographic electronic equipment, finish order must be verified by photo timing equipment if the finishers are within 0.1 seconds of each other. Also, in the case where a world record is suspected of being set, the time must be verified with photo timing equipment.

3D.16 Accuracy of Results

For all road race results, unless the measured time is an exact whole second, the time shall be converted and recorded to the next longer whole second, e.g. 1:33:47.153 shall be recorded and published as 1:33:48.
In the event that there is a tie where an award is at stake, if a photo finish system or other accurate method was used, the results of this shall be used to decide on the placings. In this case, the note (Photo Finish: +0.XX) is printed on the results list next to the official time. In other cases it shall be determined to be a tie and the tie shall remain and gets published as such.
Example: If two riders have reached a time of 1:33:48 and the image of the Photo Finish System shows a dierence of 0.456 seconds, the following will be printed on the result list:
1st Place Rider 1 1:33:48
2nd Place Rider 2 1:33:48 (Photo nish: +0.456)

New rule:

3D.12 Timing, Photo Finish

1. The use of Fully Automatic Timing and Photo Finish Systems or Transponder Timing Systems that fulfill the specified criteria are permitted for timekeeping in road races at IUF sanctioned events. For other competitions, these are highly recommended, but Hand Timing that fulfills the specified criteria is also allowed here.
2. The use of Fully Automatic Timing and Photo Finish Systems, provided they meet the criteria set out in Rule 2D.8 and are operated accordingly.
3. The use of Transponder Timing Systems is permitted, provided that:
i) None of the equipment used at the start, on the course or at the finish line is a significant obstacle to the progress of a rider.
ii) The weight of the transponder and its housing carried or worn by the rider is not significant.
iii) The System is started by the start signal.
iv) The System requires no action by a rider during the competition, at the finish or at any stage in the result processing.
4. The use of Hand Timing is permitted, provided that:
i) Timekeepers are in line with the finish and all have a good view of the finish line.
ii) Timekeepers use manually operated electronic timers with digital readouts. All such timing devices are termed “watches” for the purpose of the Rules.
iii) The time is taken from the start signal.
iv) Two official Timekeepers time the winner of every event and any performance for record purposes.
v) Each Timekeeper acts independently and without showing their watch to, or discussing their time with, any other person.
vi) The time measurement must be carried out with a resolution of at least 1/10 of a second, unless the measurement system ensures that the times are always given to at least the next longer full second. Unless the time is an exact full second, the time will be converted to the next longer full second. If the measuring system only displays full seconds and it cannot be ensured that this is the next longer full second, one second must be added to the displayed time. If two watches are prescribed and, after converting as indicated above and two watches are prescribed, the two watches disagree, the longer time will be official.
5. For all times to be official, unless the measured time is an exact whole second, the time shall be converted and recorded to the next longer whole second, e.g. 1:33:47.153 shall be recorded and published as 1:33:48.
6. The placing order must be determined at the finishing moment in accordance with rule 3B.5.8. It is recommended that Judges and/or video recording(s) also be provided to assist in determining the finishing order and the identification of riders. For all road races at IUF sanctioned events, a Photo Finish System according to paragraph 3 or a video recording perpendicular to the finish line must be available to determine the placings.
7. If a reliable deternmination of the finishing order between competitors is not possible, the competitors must be ranked equally and assigned the same official time.
8. Only official times will be published.
9. When two competitors have the same official time and the placing is determined based on the actual finishing order, the result list should indicate if a Photo Finish System was used or not (e.g., "Photo Finish: +0.03" or "Timekeeper Decision").

Body

Further information can be found in the corresponding discussion and in the corresponding discussion.

References

Proposal 78: Compatibility with Basketball 3x3

Committee: 15. Basketball

Vote Summary:

Passed on August 03, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

5 out of 9 voting members have voted.

Agree: 5, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

The Rulebook needs to cover the case of Basketball 3x3.

Proposal

Old wording of Section 15A.1 (including the passed proposal 78):

In IUF competition, unicycle basketball is played using the international rules for regular basketball (the currently valid FIBA rules, https://www.fiba.basketball/documents) with a few changes. The items below, in combination with standard international basketball rules, are what are used for Unicon competitions.

New wording of Section 15A.1:

In IUF competitions, unicycle basketball is played using the international FIBA rules for on-foot basketball with the few changes explained in this chapter. The international FIBA rules to be used are the currently valid ones, for regular basketball (https://www.fiba.basketball/documents) or for 3x3 basketball (https://fiba3x3.com/en/documents.html#rules), depending on the event. At Unicon, at least a regular 5x5 unicycle basketball event must be proposed.

Body

The adaptations for Basketball 3x3 are essentially the same as for Basketball 5x5 and this new wording of Section 15A.1 is sufficient. Concerning the team composition, see also:

https://iuf-rulebook-2025.committees.unicycling-software.com/proposals/77

References

The related proposal in the Main Committee:

https://iuf-rulebook-2025.committees.unicycling-software.com/proposals/76

The passed proposal 78:

https://iuf-rulebook-2025.committees.unicycling-software.com/discussions/78

The related proposal 77:

https://iuf-rulebook-2025.committees.unicycling-software.com/proposals/77

Proposal 63: 3B.2.5 Climbing road race

Committee: 3. Road Racing

Vote Summary:

Passed on August 06, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

9 out of 14 voting members have voted.

Agree: 9, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

The Climbing Road Race is a unicycle road event that has already been successfully organized at several national and international competitions. It was first held at the CFM in 2015 in Scionzier, then in UNICON20 in Grenoble, and is planned again for CFM2025 in Scionzier as a replacement for the traditional marathon.

This race format takes advantage of specific topographical features and is only feasible in regions with sustained climbs over several kilometers. It allows standard and unlimited unicycles to compete in the same race, emphasizing endurance, pacing, and climbing ability rather than top speed on flat terrain.

Proposal

3B.2.5 Hill Climb

1. A Hill Climb is a unicycle road race held on a sustained uphill course, designed to test the riders’ climbing ability rather than their top speed on flat or descending terrain.

2. A Hill Climb must take place in a region with appropriate topography, featuring a continuous ascent over several kilometers. Flat or downhill sections should be avoided, especially at the start and the end of the course. A flat section may be used if required for a safe and practical race start. The course must either have an average gradient of at least 6%, or a total elevation gain of at least 850 meters.

3. There is no fixed maximum distance for a Climbing Road Race. The course length should be determined based on local topography, aiming for meaningful and challenging durations. Organizers are encouraged to consider a minimum distance of 5 km.

4. If topography allows, organizers may offer two course options: a longer "Expert" course and a shorter "Beginner" course. Both courses should follow the same climb whenever possible.

5. The majority of the course must be on paved road surfaces. Short unpaved sections are allowed only if they are smooth and rideable. The entire course must be rideable by elite riders without requiring dismounts due to excessive steepness or technical difficulty.

6. Intentionally running to gain time is not permitted.

7. A Hill Climb is a single unlimited-category competition, meaning that all riders, including standard category, start together in the same race without separation by unicycle category. When the event is held at an UNICON, additional awards shall be given to the top three males and top three females using 29" standard unicycles.

--- If the change of 3B.2 Unicycles passes add the following to paragraph 2 (changes in bold) ---

2. For large events such as Unicon or continental championships the two categories Standard and Unlimited are mandatory for all Road Races, for other conventions these two categories are strongly recommended. An exception is the combined organization of a 10 km fixed distance race and a 10 km Time-Trail, where it is permissible to offer just the Standard category for the 10 km fixed distance race and just the Unlimited category for the 10 km Time-Trail and the Hill Climb, where it is permissible to offer just the Unlimited category. The permitted unicycle classes in the categories are:

Body

see discussion

References

Proposal 64: 14B.5.3 Riding The Unicycle - Strictness of using walls/goals

Committee: 14. Hockey

Vote Summary:

Passed on July 28, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

11 out of 12 voting members have voted.

Agree: 11, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

Proposal

Old

14B.5.3 Riding The Unicycle
The player has to be riding the unicycle freely. He or she may use the stick as support
but must not rest on the goal or the wall or something similar. It is not sufficient to
release the goal only quickly for the time while the goalkeeper takes part in the game. A
short support on the wall to avoid a dismount can be tolerated. A player who is falling o
the unicycle may take part in the game until touching the ground. A remounting player
must sit on the seat and have both feet on the pedals before participating in the game
again. If a player who is not riding a unicycle shoots into their own goal, the advantage
rule applies for the attacking team and the goal is valid.

New

14B.5.3 Riding The Unicycle

The player has to be riding the unicycle freely. He or she may use the stick as support
but must not rest on the goal or the wall or something similar. It is not sufficient to
release the goal only quickly for the time while the goalkeeper takes part in the game. A player may only use the stick as support. Touching or holding the wall or goal to gain an advantage over your opposition is illegal. A player who is falling off
the unicycle may take part in the game until touching the ground. A remounting player
must sit on the seat and have both feet on the pedals before participating in the game
again. If a player who is not riding a unicycle shoots into their own goal, the advantage
rule applies for the attacking team and the goal is valid.

Body

Increased strictness to stop players using walls or goals to gain advantage.

References

Increased strict ruling on walls and goals being used for support

Proposal 102: 14B.7.2 Long Shot

Committee: 14. Hockey

Vote Summary:

Passed on August 05, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

11 out of 12 voting members have voted.

Agree: 10, Disagree: 1, Abstain: 0.

Background

Fin:

I’ve always found this rule unintuitive. The everyday understanding is that a goal can only be scored in the opponent’s half. For me, the logical rule would therefore be that the last contact with the ball must happen within the opponent’s half, and the ball must have completely crossed the center line.

This fits well with our discussion about scoring a goal, where we defined the “rear edge of the goal line.” Here, from the shooter’s perspective, it would be the “rear edge” of the center line.

Proposal

Old:

14B.7.2 Long Shot
A goal is disallowed if the last contact with the ball was made when the ball was in one's
own half. The defending team gets a free shot (goalkeeper's ball). This rule does not
apply if the ball is shot from the opponents' half into one's own goal.

New:

14B.7.2 Long Shot
~~A goal is disallowed if the last contact with the ball was made when the ball was in one's~~
~~own half. The~~ For a goal to be valid, the last contact with the ball must occur in the opponent’s half, meaning the entire ball has crossed the center line into the opponent’s half. Otherwise it's considered a Long Shot and the defending team gets a free shot (goalkeeper’s ball). This rule does not apply if the ball is shot from the opponents’ half into one’s own goal.

Body

In discussion 14B.7.1 Conditions for Awarding a Goal https://iuf-rulebook-2025.committees.unicycling-software.com/discussions/132

it shall be clarified when a goal is valid. The same shall be done for the other end of a goal shot, when/where the ball is released.

References

This proposal refers to the discussion "Slight redefining of Long Shots"

https://iuf-rulebook-2025.committees.unicycling-software.com/discussions/181

Proposal 101: Change Definition of Unicon

Committee: Main Committee

Vote Summary:

Passed on August 10, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

17 out of 19 voting members have voted.

Agree: 16, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 1.

Background

For a unified use of the full meaning of Unicon, the definition must be adapted.

Proposal

Old rule:

Unicon: Unicycling Convention. This word refers to the IUF World Unicycling Championships.

New rule:

Unicon: Unicycling World Championships and Convention. Unicon is an IUF-sanctioned event organized in partnership with a local host.

Body

Further information can be found in the corresponding discussion and in the corresponding discussion.

References

Proposal 111: 14.B.9.2 6.5 M

Committee: 14. Hockey

Vote Summary:

Passed on August 05, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

11 out of 12 voting members have voted.

Agree: 9, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 2.

Background

Fin Thiessen:

For the 6,50 i think we should clarify who the shooting player is, since that sometimes led to confusion in the past and situations occured where the goalkeeper didn't know who would take the shot.

Also i think that the sentence "A 6.5 m awarded at the end
of, or after a time period has ended, is still executed but play does not continue after an
unsuccessful shot." is worded very weirdly.
I suggest a slight rewording: "A 6.5 m awarded at or after the end of a time period, is still executed but play does not continue after an
unsuccessful shot."

Proposal

Old:

14.B.9.2 6.5 M

...

The ball is placed at the 6.5 m mark. A player of the defending team goes to the goal and must sit with the bottom of the wheel of their unicycle within 0.5 m of the goal line. The other team chooses a player to shoot the 6.5 m. All other players must leave the goal area. After the referee's whistle the goalkeeper must ride the unicycle freely and not rest on the goal. The 6.5 m is direct. The player executing the 6.5 m may only touch the ball once. The ball shall be hit with the stick, not dragged, flicked or lifted on the stick. If no goal is scored, play continues as soon as the ball touches the post, the keeper touches the ball or the ball crosses the extended goal line. A 6.5 m awarded at the end of, or after a time period has ended, is still executed but play does not continue after an unsuccessful shot.

New:

14.B.9.2 6.5 M

...

The ball is placed at the 6.5 m mark. A player of the defending team goes to the goal
and must sit with the bottom of the wheel of their unicycle within 1 m of the goal line.

The attacking team shall designate one player to take the 6.5 m shot. All other players must exit the goal area. Upon the referee’s whistle, all players except the shooter must ensure that both their unicycles and sticks remain at least 2.0 m away from the 6.5 m mark until the ball has been struck.

The 6.5 m is direct. The shooter may only touch the ball once. The ball shall be hit with the stick, not dragged, flicked or lifted on the stick. If no goal is scored, play continues as soon as the ball touches a goal post, the goal's crossbar, the goalkeeper touches the ball or the ball crosses the extended goal line. A 6.5 m awarded at the end of, or after a time period has ended, is still executed but play does not continue after an unsuccessful shot.

Body

Ole Jaekel:

The important sentence regarding 6.5m in the rules to me is "All other players must leave the goal area.".

That opens a grey area to me. Is the executing player supposed to be in the goal area?

The first question to be answered is: Is the 6.5m supposed to be executed from a standing player or may they run in to the 6.5m spot (which creates the confusion for the goal keeper which player is executing the penalty)?

I would say, no run in allowed. Standing player executes the penalty.

Possible solutions:

A half cirle of 2m radius as "6.5m eecution area" around the 6.5m spot is drawn in the official playing field (can be marked in real world in some spots with tape). Rule change: "All other players must leave the goal area and 6.5m execution area. Run in allowed within the 2m half circle."

Rule change: "A half cirle of 2m radius around the 6.5m spot also belongs to the goal area.", so other players keep the correct distance and the executing player can stay in goal area and is easily identifiable. Run in allowed within the 2m half circle.

Players have to keep 2m distance anyway. Rule change: "Executing player is standing near 6.5m spot. No run in allowed."

Rule change: "The referee makes sure, that the goalkeeper knows which player is taking the shot." Run in allowed.

References

This proposal refers to the discussion "6,50 player identification" https://iuf-rulebook-2025.committees.unicycling-software.com/discussions/191

Proposal 76: Specifying the required and recommended basketball events at Unicon

Committee: Main Committee

Vote Summary:

Passed on August 10, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

17 out of 19 voting members have voted.

Agree: 16, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 1.

Background

The Unicycle Basketball rules are made explicitly compatible with both 5x5 and 3x3. This is a good occasion to clarify and fully specify which basketball events are required and recommended at Unicon.

Proposal

In Section "1C.2 Required Events at Unicon".

In the list "Required events", modification of the Team sports item:

Old: Team Sports: Unicycle Hockey, Unicycle Basketball; see chapters 14 and 15.
New: Team Sports: Unicycle Hockey A, Unicycle 5x5 Basketball A; see chapters 14 and 15.

In the list "Recommended additional events", modification of the Team sports item:

Old: Team Sports: Unicycle Hockey B Tournament, Unicycle Basketball B Tournament
New: Team Sports: Unicycle Hockey B, Unicycle 5x5 Basketball B, Unicycle 3x3 Basketball

Body

Clarification and specification of the required and recommended basketball events at Unicon.

References

The proposal originally comes from this Basketball committee discussion:

https://iuf-rulebook-2025.committees.unicycling-software.com/discussions/137

Proposal 89: 14B.9.5 Penalty Box / Player Send Off

Committee: 14. Hockey

Vote Summary:

Passed on August 05, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

11 out of 12 voting members have voted.

Agree: 9, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 2.

Background

There were questions raised about how the logistics of the penalty box should be handled.

Specifically, some of the below questions. I tried to cover these, the multiple penalties will be covered separately and referenced in this later if it passes.

The secretary should note the following information when a penalty box is given: How long is the penalty (2, 5, or match)? Which player received the penalty? When (match time) was it given? Why was it given? This information would be very useful to have as a protocol of the game. Especially the time when the penalty was given is crucial and helps to track whether the penalty time has expired.
What happes with non-expired penalties at the end of a game? I think this is implicitely clear and they will not continue in another game. However, I believe this shall be noted in the rules. What about in case of extra time? Is a player penalized during extra time allowed to take a penalty shot during a penalty shootout if their penalty time did not expire yet?
What happens if several penalty boxes are called? This is currently very rare but may become more common (although still rare) if we implement the stricter rules (Discussion 36). Can a team have any number of players sent off at the same time? Will they need to continue playing with less and less players? Or shall there be a minimum? What happens in this case? My suggestion here would be to adapt the rules from floorball / ice hockey (both are very similar) and let teams play with a minimum of 3 players but additional penalties are delayed (their time will only count down after another penalty has expired).
What happens if a player who already has received a 2min e.g. insults the referees? Will they automatically get a 5min or will they get 2x2min? Is the latter possible and what would happen then?
What happens when there was an offence that would require a 2min penalty box but the referees do not know which player commited the foul?
What exactly happens in the case of a match penalty? Where does this player need to go? How can the referees (or the time keeper / secretary) make sure the team adheres to the 5min penalty for the team?

Proposal

Old

14B.9.5 Player Send-off (Previously changed name from Penalty Box in proposal 15)

The referee can send a player off the field for two minutes, five minutes, or for the remainder of the game. For non-match send-offs, the offending team may not substitute a replacement while the player is in the penalty box. When a player is sent off for the remainder of the game, they may not take part in the current match and their team's following match. However, in the current match, the penalised team may bring a player on after a five minute period. Penalized players are prohibited from communicating with their team for the duration of the penalty. When enforcing a penalty, the referee should signal to stop the timer to discuss the required punishment, provide a precise start time for the penalty, and to explain their ruling to players....

New

14B.9.5 Player Send-off

The referee can send a player off the field for two minutes, five minutes, or for the remainder of the game.

If the referees are unable to identify the offender, (e.g. incorrect substitution), the team captain shall choose a non-penalised player to serve the penalty. If the team captain cannot provide a player or is themselves penalised, the referees shall choose the player.

Penalized players are prohibited from communicating with their team for the duration of the penalty. A penalised team captain may not communicate with the referees unless directly addressed by them. When enforcing a penalty, the referee should signal to stop the timer to discuss the required punishment, provide a precise start time for the penalty, and to explain their ruling to players.

14B.9.5.1 2-Minute Penalty

While a player is in the penalty box for a 2-minute penalty, the team may not substitute a replacement for that player.

[List of offences in strict proposal number 69...]

14B.9.5.2 5-Minute Penalty

While a player is in the penalty box for a 5-min penalty, the team may not substitute a replacement for that player.

The following list of offences lead to a 5-minute penalty; however, this list is not exhaustive.

[List of offences in strict proposal number 69...]

14B.9.5.3 Match Penalty

The following list of offences lead to a match penalty; however, this list is not exhaustive.

[List of offences in strict proposal number 69...]

...

OLD

14C.2.3 The Secretary
The Secretary sits at the desk and takes care that the scoreboard always shows the
current score. After a goal the Secretary seeks eye contact with the First Referee to
check if the goal is declared valid or not. After the end of the game the Secretary writes
the final score into the report. When a player has been sent-off for the remainder of the
match, the secretary records the name of the player on both the completed match and
the team's next match and should inform the hockey director that the player must miss
the teams next match.

NEW

14C.2.3 The Secretary

The Secretary sits at the desk and takes care that the scoreboard always shows the current score. After a goal the Secretary seeks eye contact with the First Referee to check if the goal is declared valid or not. After the end of the game the Secretary writes the final score into the report. When a player has been sent off, all imposed penalties shall be noted by the secretary in the match record with the time, player number, type of penalty (2 min, 5 min, or match penalty) and cause of penalty. For match penalties, the secretary records the name of the player on both the completed match and the team's next match and should inform the hockey director that the player must miss the teams next match.

OLD

14B.9 Penalties

offending players may be sent off after advantage has been played. The referee should not enforce this penalty until the offending team gains possession of the ball and should resume the game with a face off at the point of possession change. When two or more players fall and/or it is unclear whether a foul occurred, the referees can interrupt the game and restart it with a face-off.

NEW

14B.9 Penalties

In every instance of a violation of the rules the referee must penalize the offending team or play the advantage. When playing the advantage the referee does not blow the whistle but should display the hand sign for a free shot and shout “Advantage!” In the event that an advantage was not gained, the referee should enforce the appropriate penalty from the initial point of infringement or, when the penalty has occurred within the goal area, the closest corner mark or 1 m in front of goal line. ~~Additionally, at the referee's discretion,~~ offending players may be sent off after advantage has been played. The referee should not enforce this penalty until the offending team gains possession of the ball and should resume the game with a face off at the point of possession change. Additionally, if advantage was gained before a send-off was issued (see 14B.9.5 Player Send-off), the referee shall resume play with a face-off at the location of the ball when play was stopped. When two or more players fall and/or it is unclear whether a foul occurred, the referees can interrupt the game and restart it with a face-off.

Body

This coveres the questions abuut how to manage players being sent off.

References

14B.9.5 Penalty Box

Was already changed to

14B.9.5 Player Send-off

Proposal 15: 14B.9.5 Penalty Box - Addition of time stop directive [ Revision 4 ]

Proposal 65: Referee Hand Signs - Slashing

Committee: 14. Hockey

Vote Summary:

Passed on August 10, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

11 out of 12 voting members have voted.

Agree: 9, Disagree: 1, Abstain: 1.

Background

If we include slashing in the rulebook a hand sign should be given for it.

Proposal

New

Adds a hand sign for slashing to the rulebook

14C.2.7 Referee Hand Signs

"Slashing" A chopping motion with the edge of one hand across the opposite forearm.

https://photos.app.goo.gl/JFuyD4UoyQRnLUu9A

Body

Including a slashing sign would give the referees an extra sign to show aggressive stick hits.

References

Proposal 96: Revise 1C.7 Age Groups

Committee: Age Groups

Vote Summary:

Passed on August 10, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

11 out of 15 voting members have voted.

Agree: 11, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

On the one hand, the proposal is intended to introduce mandatory age groups that allow a meaningful sporting comparison of the participants regardless of the number of participants and that give the participants a certain degree of security as to which age group they will be ranked in. On the other hand, the additional age groups are intended to introduce further possible age groups that give the organizers sufficient freedom to adapt the age groups at their competition according to the specific conditions under certain standardization.

Proposal

Old rule:

1C.7 Age Groups

1C.7.1 Initial Age Groups

It is recommended that hosts publish ("offer") a set of initial age groups for each discipline before registration opens, based on the maximum expected number of riders and their age spectrum. When publishing, it must be made clear that these initial age groups are not necessarily final. Obviously, initial age groups must follow the event rules for each discipline.

1C.7.2 Combining Age Groups

Later in the registration period or after registration closes, final age groups will be created based on the initial age groups. This is done by combining initial age groups where needed, as follows:
In a competition with more than 50 riders, six riders are needed to complete an age group. In competitions with less than 50 riders, six in each age group are still highly recommended, however three riders are the minimum to complete an age group. Riders generally enter all events with their age group except for events similar to artistic competitions where there are Junior Expert and Expert categories.
The convention host must combine age groups with less than six riders (three riders for smaller conventions) if needed. This means that initial age groups are not guaranteed. The combining process can be done on a per-event (per-discipline) basis.
When combining, combine the smallest age group (that is, the age group with the smallest number of participants) with its smallest neighboring age group (either up or down). If more than one age group is the smallest, choose the age group with the smallest neighbor for combining. Continue this process until all resulting age groups (combined and/or original) have at least the minimum required/recommended number of participants. Male age groups and female age groups are never combined.
In exceptional cases it may be decided to split initial age groups.
The final (combined) age groups for all competitions must be published at the latest seven days before the first day of the convention. Once published, age groups will not change even if competitors drop their events.

New rule:

1C.7 Age Groups

1C.7.1 Mandatory Age Groups

1. For all events in which age groups are to be ranked, the organizer must offer at least the mandatory age groups. An exception is made for competitions that have a general restriction on the age of participants, which may mean that mandatory age groups are not included.
The mandatory age groups are U11 (0-10 years), U15 (11-14 years), U19 (15-18 years), U30 (19-29 years), U50 (30-49 years), U70 (50-69 years) and 70+ (70 years and older).
2. Mandatory age groups will persist regardless of the number of registered participants and can therefore be guaranteed for the participants.

1C.7.2 Additional age groups

1. The host may publish (“offer”) additional age groups for all events in which age groups are to be ranked before registration opens, based on the maximum expected number of riders and their age spectrum. These additional age groups must be subdivisions of the mandatory age groups, i.e. the boundaries of the additional age groups must not exceed those of the mandatory age groups. When publishing, it must be made clear that these additional age groups are not necessarily final and therefore cannot be taken as guaranteed.
2. A subdivision into maximum the following age groups is possible (including the mandatory age groups):
U9, U11, U13, U15, U17, U19, U21, U23, U25, U30, U35, U40, U45, U50, U55, U60, U65, U70, 70+
3. Additional age groups will be combined after the registration deadline on the basis of the registered participants within the mandatory age groups. In a competition with more than 50 riders, six riders are needed to complete an age group. In competitions with less than 50 riders, six in each age group are still highly recommended, however three riders are the minimum to complete an age group. Combining is done according to the following principle:
i) The convention host must combine additional age groups with less than six riders (three riders for smaller conventions) if needed. The combining process is to be done on a per-event (per-discipline) basis.
ii) When combining, combine the smallest age group (that is, the age group with the smallest number of participants) with its smallest neighboring age group either up or down). If more than one age group is the smallest, choose the age group with the smallest neighbor for combining. Continue this process until all resulting age groups (combined and/or original) have at least the minimum required/recommended number of participants. Male age groups and female age groups are never combined.
4. In exceptional cases it may be decided to split offered additional age groups after the registration deadline.
5. The final (combined) age groups for all competitions must be published at the latest seven days before the first day of the convention. Once published, age groups will not change even if competitors drop their events.

Body

Further information can be found in the corresponding discussion and in the corresponding discussion.

References

Proposal 100: Include a Definition of Head Coach

Committee: Main Committee

Vote Summary:

Passed on August 10, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

17 out of 19 voting members have voted.

Agree: 14, Disagree: 1, Abstain: 2.

Background

In order to make coaches more visible in the rules, a definition for a head coach is to be included in the rules.

Proposal

Old rule:

None

New rule:

--- To be inserted at the corresponding position of 1D.1 Definitions ---

Head Coach: A leader of a team in Basketball, Hockey and Freestyle Large Group. A competitor who may or may not be riding in the event but is able to speak on the team’s behalf with Judges and Officials.

Body

Further information can be found in the corresponding discussion and in the corresponding discussion.

References

Proposal 94: 14C.2.6 General - Dog on Field Rule

Committee: 14. Hockey

Vote Summary:

Passed on August 07, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

10 out of 12 voting members have voted.

Agree: 9, Disagree: 1, Abstain: 0.

Background

Discussion about whether the referee should be halting the game if unforeseen instances occur.

Proposal

OLD

14C.2.6 General

...The referees suspend the game if an injury occurs. Afterwards, a free shot is given to the
team that was in possession of the ball at the time of the interruption. If it is unclear
who was in possession, the game is continued with a face-off.

...

NEW

14C.2.6 General

...The referees shall suspend the game in any instances where an unforeseen interruption may influence the course of the game, e.g. an injury occurs, multiple balls on the field, or unauthorised access to the field. Afterwards, a free shot is given to the team that was in possession of the ball at the time of the interruption. If it is unclear who was in possession, the game is continued with a face-off.

...

Body

Added more situatiosn where you would pause, not just injury.

References

Proposal 116: Revise 3D.1 Venue

Committee: 3. Road Racing

Vote Summary:

Passed on August 10, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

11 out of 14 voting members have voted.

Agree: 10, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 1.

Background

The previous rule 3D.1 Venue is mainly applicable to Fixed Distance Races, but it should cover all Road Racing disciplines. The proposed change now takes into account all disciplines mentioned under 3B.2 Road Racing Disciplines and is therefore much more applicable than the previous rule.

In addition, the rule takes into account safety-relevant aspects of the course.

Proposal

Old rule:

3D.1 Venue

These are races held usually on roadways or bike paths. For any road race over a fixed (traditional) distance, it is encouraged that the course complies with the requirements for IUF World Records. In short:
(1) The start and finish points of the course, measured along a theoretical straight line between them, shall not be further apart than 50% of the race distance.
(2) The overall decrease in elevation between the start and finish shall not exceed 1:1000, i.e. 1m per km (0.1%).
Please refer to the IUF World Records Guidelines for details.

New rule:

3D.1 Venue

1. Depending on the Road Racing discipline, courses are usually held on one of the following options:
1.1 Fixed and Free Distance Races are usually held on roadways or bike paths. It is recommended to use a point-to-point courses without loops. For Fixed Distance Races additional requirements are described in 3D.1.2.
1.2 Criteriums are held around city block(s) or within a large parking lot, allowing the course to have left and right turns and multiple laps with a recommended lap length of 500 m to 1000 m.
1.3 Distance-based Time Trials in officiall competitions are held on the same courses as Fixed and Free Distance Races. Outside of officiall competitions they can also held on the same courses as Time-based Time Trials.
1.4 Time-based Time Trials must take place on a closed circuit, either on a road or a track with a recommended lap length of 200 m to 1000 m.
2. The course must be designed with rider safety as a top priority. It should include clear signage, road barriers where necessary, and an adequate number of marshals to guide and protect participants.
3. The road surface should be smooth, durable, and free of hazards such as deep potholes, cracks, off-camber sections, or uneven terrain. Rough surfaces, narrow segments, and other obstacles should be avoided or adequately managed to ensure rider safety. If bicycle paths are used, they must be sufficiently wide to accommodate riders at speed and should be free of any hazards. Objects adjacent to the course—such as benches, trees, or metal posts—must be considered potential risks and properly safeguarded.
4. Throughout most of the course, riders must have enough space to overtake safely. This is not nesseccary for individual Time Trials outside of official competitions.

3D.1.1 Start and Finish Area for Races with Mass Start or Wave Start

1. The start area must be wide enough to accommodate several riders launching simultaneously in safe conditions.
2. It is recommended that the finish area is not downhill, as downhill finishes increase the risk of crashes. Organizers may choose to place the finish on flat or uphill terrain. The final few hundred meters of the course should be straight, with no sharp turns, to allow for safe sprint finishes.

3D.1.2 Fixed Distance Races

1. For any Fixed Distance Race according to 3B.2.1, it is recommended that the course complies with the requirements for IUF World Records. In short:
i The start and finish points of the course, measured along a theoretical straight line between them, shall not be further apart than 50% of the race distance.
ii The overall decrease in elevation between the start and finish shall not exceed 1:1000, i.e. 1m per km (0.1%).
Please refer to the IUF World Records Guidelines for details.

Body

Further information can be found in the corresponding discussion and in the corresponding discussion.

References

Proposal 93: Definition of Fixed Distance Races (3B.2.1), Free Distance Races (2B.2.2) and Road Racing Events at Unicon

Committee: 3. Road Racing

Vote Summary:

Passed on August 10, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

10 out of 14 voting members have voted.

Agree: 10, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

We voted on a restructuring of section 3B at the beginning of this committee. With this proposal, the new sections are filled with content and the corresponding disciplines are defined.

Proposal

Old rule:

3B.2.1 Fixed Distance Races

3B.2.1.1 10 km
3B.2.1.2 Marathon
3B.2.1.3 100 km

3B.2.2 Free Distance Races

--- All empty, only structure accepted in proposal 4 - https://iuf-rulebook-2025.committees.unicycling-software.com/proposals/4 ---

3D.15.1 Fixed Distance and Free Distance Races

The recognized xed distance races are the 10km, Marathon (42.195km) and 100km.
A free distance race can be any race distance that is more than 3% dierent from the distance of any recognized xed distance race.
It is expected that Unicon will have at least two road events, of which at least one is a recognized xed distance event.

3D.15.3 Distance Measurement for Free Distance Races

In the case where a free distance is used, the course must be measured with an accuracy of plus or minus 3% or better. Example: if a race is advertised as 80km, the actual distance must be between 77.6km and 82.4km. A good consumer-type GPS unit is acceptable, provided the track shows continuous reception of sucient satellites (no 'stray' data points, or missing points). Also acceptable is the Distance Measurement Tool of Google Maps. A car odometer, on the other hand, might easily be o by more than 3%, and is therefore not acceptable unless you know how to correct it. Using a more accurate measurement is also allowed, such as the method described for 'Fixed Distance Races'.

New Rule:

3B.2.1 Fixed Distance Races

1. Fixed Distance Races are drafting races, with a wave or mass start, where riders races against each other over a defined and precisely measured distance.
2. The officiall recognized distances are
i) 10 km
ii) Marathon (42.195 km)

3B.2.2 Free Distance Races

1. Free Distance Races are drafting races, with a wave or mass start, where riders race against each other in a non-recognized fixed distance.
2. A Free Distance Race can be any race with a distance that is greater or lesser than 3% from an officially recognized Fixed Distance. For Free Distance Races longer than a Marathon, a mass start is preferred.
3. The approximate distance of the race must be announced at the time of registration, to help riders plan and prepare accordingly.
4. There is no requirement for the course of a Free Distance Race to be officially measured. However, once the final course has been confirmed, the distance must be communicated to riders with at least kilometer-level precision. Organizers are encouraged to share a GPS track of the confirmed course whenever possible.

3D.16 Road Racing Events at Unicon

1. It is expected that Unicon will have at least three road racing events, of which at least one is a recognized fixed distance event. If only one fixed distance event is held, it should be the 10km.
Note: Examples of road racing events at Unicon include:
– a 10km,
– a Marathon or a longer free distance race with a mass start,
– a Criterium.
A climbing road race may be considered instead of, or in addition to, the Criterium if the location allows for such a course.

~~3D.15.1 Fixed Distance and Free Distance Races~~

~~3D.15.3 Distance Measurement for Free Distance Races~~

Body

Further information can be found in the corresponding discussion and in the corresponding discussion.

References

Proposal 130: delete section 3D.14 Special Marathon Events

Committee: 3. Road Racing

Vote Summary:

Passed on August 10, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

11 out of 14 voting members have voted.

Agree: 11, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

With the revision of section 3D.10.3 Mass Start and the creation of a section on drafting, the content of the 3D.14 section seems obsolete to me.

If drafting with non-unicyclist competitors is not allowed, it should be avoided to organize a start that includes unicyclists and non-unicyclists.

The rest of the section's content adds nothing to the other rules.

Proposal

Old rule:

3D.14 Special Marathon Events

Exceptions from the default rules may be allowed for a marathon race that is embedded in a big city marathon.This allows the unicycling organizer to follow some requirements of the main marathon organizer in order for the unicycling marathon to fit within the larger event.
The following exceptions to the rules may be made:
• Mass start / Group start (Mass start could be forced by the main host for schedule requirements)
• Start groups do not have to separate males/females and/or wheel sizes
• Netto times (time from when the rider's wheel crosses the start line) can be used for placements while the Brutto time (time from when the race is started) counts for records.

New rule:

Body

see discussion https://iuf-rulebook-2025.committees.unicycling-software.com/discussions/44

References

Proposal 120: 14.C.2.7 Referee Hand Signs - Delay of game

Committee: 14. Hockey

Vote Summary:

Passed on August 11, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

10 out of 12 voting members have voted.

Agree: 8, Disagree: 1, Abstain: 1.

Background

Some fouls have no referee hand sign to show. Players and the other referee and timekeeper)are confused why play is stopped.

In this case

+ time play / delayed play / delay of game (floorball sign 924)

When game is paused and the (leading) team delays the game or actively destroys gameplay.

Proposal

New addition:

14.C.2.7 Referee Hand Signs

"Delay of game"

One arm is held up vertically the index finger points up and the hand makes a rotating movement.

For use, see 14B.8.12 Intentional Delay Of Game.

Body

An established referee hand sign in floorball can be incorporated into the unicycle hockey rules.

Hand Sign Picture is below

https://photos.app.goo.gl/f5xaa2aLpnM5RoQe6

References

This proposal refers to the discussion: "14C.2.7 Referee Hand Signs"

https://iuf-rulebook-2025.committees.unicycling-software.com/discussions/28

Proposal 77: Explicitly allowing a non-player coach to be registered in a 5x5 basketball team

Committee: 15. Basketball

Vote Summary:

Passed on August 03, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

5 out of 9 voting members have voted.

Agree: 5, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

Except at the Olympic Games, it is usual for a Head Coach in a team sport to get the same medal as the team players.

In parallel to this proposal, there is a proposal in the Main Committee whose purpose is to add the following definition in Section 1D.1:

Head Coach: A leader of a team in Basketball, Hockey, and Large Group Freestyle. A competitor who may or may not be riding in the event but is able to speak on the team’s behalf with Judges and Directors.

Proposal

Addition of a new Section before or after the current 15.B.3:

15.B.W Team Composition

A unicycle 5x5 basketball team consists of 5-12 players and may include one registered Head Coach. A team must provide at least 4 players on the court to start a game in a tournament.

A unicycle 3x3 basketball team consists of no more than 4 players (3 players on the court and 1 substitute), and no coaches.

Body

The Head Coach is now explicitly mentioned for basketball 5x5. I realized while preparing the proposal that we should take into account basketball 3x3. Since no coaches are allowed for Freestyle Small Group because of the size of the group and the fact that coaches do not have an active part during the competition, I decided (but we can discuss it anyway) that coaches are not allowed either for basketball 3x3. Indeed, recall the rule there:

Coaches on the field of play including seats for substitutes and/or remote coaching from outside the court are not allowed.

References

The related proposal from the Main Committee:

https://iuf-rulebook-2025.committees.unicycling-software.com/proposals/74

Proposal 118: 14.C.2.7 Referee Hand Signs - Incorrect Distance

Committee: 14. Hockey

Vote Summary:

Passed on August 11, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

10 out of 12 voting members have voted.

Agree: 7, Disagree: 1, Abstain: 2.

Background

Since there are no distance markings (2m circles) players sometimes infringe on the distance rules (2 m) when a free shot shall be executed.

Proposal

New addition:

14.C.2.7 Referee Hand Signs

"Free shot distance violation"

Both forearms are held vertically shoulder-width apart in front of the body. Fingers point upward, palms facing each other

Used when a defender or their stick is less than 2 meters from the ball during a free shot (see 14B.9.1 Free Shot).

Body

See picture here

References

This proposal refers to the discussion: "14C.2.7 Referee Hand Signs"

https://iuf-rulebook-2025.committees.unicycling-software.com/discussions/28

Proposal 127: Changing the judging criterias for runs

Committee: 10. Street

Vote Summary:

Passed on August 13, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

7 out of 9 voting members have voted.

Agree: 7, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

Proposal

/// OLD

10C.4.1 Timed Runs

For each judging category, judges will assign 0 to 10 points. These categories are combined with the following weights to create a run score out of 100 points:
Difficulty 35%
Consistency 20%
Variety 25%
Flow 20%

/// NEW

10C.4.1 Timed Runs

For each judging category, judges will assign 0 to 10 points. These categories are combined with the following weights to create a run score out of 100 points:
Difficulty 35%: average difficulty of all landed tricks
Variety 25%: average variety of all landed tricks
Fullness 20%: how much time of the run was used for riding street. Deduction of points for wandering around without doing any tricks and for failing tricks.
Style 20%: how cleanly executed were the tricks and how flowy/creatively were obstacles combined.

Body

updating the Street judging criterias for runs to match the rules used in the last years at EUCs and UNICONs.

References

Proposal 126: Judging of Combos

Committee: 9. Flatland

Vote Summary:

Passed on August 13, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

5 out of 10 voting members have voted.

Agree: 5, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

I am proposing this for Ben, who as a non-voting member doesn't have the privilege to create proposals, but wanted this topic to have some more time to be discussed.

Proposal

/// OLD

9C.4.1 Judging Criteria
…
Difficulty (25% of score):
Score is given for technical difficulty of the tricks and combos landed during the battle/preliminary.

/// NEW

9C.4.1 Judging Criteria
…
Difficulty (25% of score):
Score is given for technical difficulty of the tricks and combos landed during the battle/preliminary.
Doing tricks in a combo awards more points then the individual tricks. A combo awards more points if the intensity of riding is high while a combo scores less if it contains many pauses or relaxing elements.

Body

Combos generate suspense which is exciting for the audience.
Adding too many little pauses like repeating trivial tricks or hops kills this.
The intensity of the whole combo and if it's kept up during the combo is more important then just the length.

References

Proposal 136: High Jump over Bar - Specify Magnetic Systems

Committee: 13. Jumps

Vote Summary:

Passed on August 13, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

6 out of 8 voting members have voted.

Agree: 6, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

This proposal aims to specify that only the bar itself may not be held with a magnet system.

Proposal

Old rule:

13D.4 Setup: High Jump over Bar

[...] The bar must be held loosely in the jumping apparatus so it can fall or break away if the rider does not complete the desired height. Magnetic systems are not allowed. [...]

New rule:

13D.4 Setup: High Jump over Bar

[...] The bar itself must be held loosely in the jumping apparatus so it can fall or break away if the rider does not complete the desired height. Magnetic systems on the bar itself are not allowed. [...]

Body

Further information can be found in the corresponding discussion.

References

Proposal 122: Number of permitted fouls

Committee: 15. Basketball

Vote Summary:

Passed on August 13, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

7 out of 9 voting members have voted.

Agree: 7, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

In actual tournaments (Unicon or not), time constraints usually prevent the organizers to respect the "4x10 minutes with clockstops" game format, but the number of permitted fouls (per period for a team and per game for a player) still need to be determined. As witnessed at Unicon 18 Basketball B, deviating from the average number of fouls defined in the FIBA rules may have a huge impact on the sport, and in particular its security.

Proposal

New text to be added at the end of Section 15B.5.1:

Should a game not be played in 4 periods of 10 minutes, the rules concerning the number of fouls shall be adapted as follows.

Number of personal fouls at which a player must leave the game:
- Game lasting 10 to 20 minutes: 3 fouls
- Game lasting 21 to 30 minutes: 4 fouls
- Game lasting 31 to 40 minutes: 5 fouls

Number of team fouls after which a team is in the team foul penalty situation (meaning that subsequent fouls result in free throws if they are personal and non-offensive):
- Game period lasting 5 to 6 minutes: 2 fouls
- Game period lasting 7 to 8 minutes: 3 fouls
- Game period lasting 9 to 10 minutes: 4 fouls
- Game period lasting 11 to 12 minutes: 5 fouls
- Game period lasting 13 to 15 minutes: 6 fouls

Tournament organizers are invited to set a maximum number of Technical, Unsportsmanlike and Disqualifying fouls that can be committed by a player before that player is excluded from the whole tournament.

Body

The motivations behind this actual proposal:

Keeping the same average number of free/inconsequential fouls per time unit as in on-foot basketball makes sense (and I would strongly disagree if more fouls per time unit would be allowed, because I think injuries caused by contacts are more probable in our sport than in on-foot basketball).
The proposed rule was already used at Unicon 20 (down to game period of 7 minutes and total game length of 20 minutes), and nobody complained about that aspect (as far as I know).
The proposed rule is is the rule we use in our French unicycle basketball league since its creation, and it would be convenient if the French rule is consistent with the IUF rules.
The proposed rule seem to be consistent for the game formats the Joshuas envision to be used in Basketball A at Unicon.
This level of details has already been used numerous times (except probably the game period of 5 or 6 minutes), including Unicon, CFM, and many important French tournaments. A typical use is when we want to maximize playtime: given that we have the gym for X hours and we have Y games to get played in that time interval, we decide to play the games in two periods of the optimal Z minutes, even if the largest Z that fits is an unusual duration like 11 minutes.
The last sentence is motivated by the fact that bad/irrespectful behavior should be avoided as much as possible. (I think the French league uses a maximum of 3 such fouls maximum per player in a tournament.)

References

Proposal 123: Section 15C.3 Referee Signals

Committee: 15. Basketball

Vote Summary:

Passed on August 07, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

5 out of 9 voting members have voted.

Agree: 5, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

The current Section 15C.3 provides very few signals, not necessarily the most important ones, and none related to the specific rules of unicycle basketball.

Proposal

Old text

15C.3 Referee Signals

Administrative signals:
[two pictures]

Scoring signals:
[four pictures]

Violation signals:
[three pictures]

New text

15C.3 Referees' Signals

Referees should use the hand signals in Appendix A of the FIBA rules. In addition, the following hand signals may be used.

Unmounted play: Straight arm, with the hand in front of the hips. The palm is facing the floor and simulates a sweeping (wrist move).

Rolling the ball on floor: One vertically rotating fist, below the waist.

Ball pick-up interference: Both arms parallel pointing down to the side, with hand palms facing each other.

Referees should try to always use the appropriate signals, especially in international competitions. In any case, referees should at least use the appropriate signals for interrupting the game (one arm raised, with open palm for a violation or with a clenched fist for a foul), and then for indicating the direction of play (point in direction of play, arm parallel to sidelines).

Ideally, we should add the corresponding three images.

Body

Three new hand signals are introduced.

So far, we failed to produce adequate images corresponding to these new signals.

References

Proposal 124: Section 15B.5.10; Arm position while screening

Committee: 15. Basketball

Vote Summary:

Passed on August 07, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

5 out of 9 voting members have voted.

Agree: 5, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

The arm position during screening is currently very restrictive.

Proposal

Section 15B.5.10 Screenings

Old text

Screening is only allowed if the player has each arm either bent along the chest or lying along the torso (typically with the hand holding the saddle) and keeps a stable position without changing the orientation of the wheel. Therefore, being in stand still or hopping while respecting these rules are allowed, while idling and twisting are not (as far as screenings are concerned).

New text

Screening is only allowed if the player does not extend their elbows and arms wider than their shoulders and keeps a stable position without changing the orientation of the wheel. Therefore, usual screening positions such as having each arm either bent along the chest or lying along the torso (typically with the hand holding the saddle) are allowed, but so is having the arms vertical with the hands up. Also, being in stillstand or hopping while respecting these rules are allowed, while idling and twisting are not (as far as screenings are concerned).

Body

Extension and clarification of the allowed screening positions.

Note: Apparently, "stillstand" is better than "stand still". Please correct me if this is not the case.

References

Proposal 129: New section 15D.1 Court and Equipment

Committee: 15. Basketball

Vote Summary:

Passed on August 07, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

5 out of 9 voting members have voted.

Agree: 5, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

It regularly happens for practical reasons that the FIBA rules about the court or the ball size are not fully respected. The IUF Rulebook should acknowledge such deviations.

Proposal

Addition of:

15D Event Organizer Rules

15D.1 Court and Equipment

Unicycle Basketball is played with a FIBA size 7 ball. The basketball ring shall be 3.05 meters (10 feet) off the ground. Due to organizational constraints, the directors may choose to modify the court size from the FIBA requirements but the court must have clearly delineated out of bounds, half court, 3pt, and restricted zone lines.

Body

We set the ball and the ring height to what the FIBA rules require for adult men 5x5.

The new rule acknowledges that the organizers and directors may choose courts which are deviating from the FIBA rules but the new rule nevertheless provides minimal requirements.

References

Proposal 131: New Section 15D.2 Games and Tournaments

Committee: 15. Basketball

Vote Summary:

Passed on August 07, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

5 out of 9 voting members have voted.

Agree: 5, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

Game and tournament formats cannot be standardized but general guidelines should nevertheless be provided.

Proposal

In the new Section 15D Event Organizer Rules that will probably be created by Proposal 129, addition of a new section.

15D.2 Games and Tournaments

To facilitate the organization of Unicycle Basketball tournaments, the directors may modify the game period and game duration, and may choose that the game clock is not always stopped as instructed by the FIBA rules. However, a game shall have 1, 2, or 4 periods and last no less than 10 minutes and no more than 40 minutes, and a game period shall last no less than 5 minutes and no more than 15 minutes. It is recommended to respect the clock stops at least in the last two minutes of a game.

Depending on the event duration and the number of teams, tournaments may have various forms. The director should nevertheless adhere to the following general guidelines.

All teams shall have equal opportunities to win the tournament with respect to the tournament structure.
To balance pools for example, the director may define groups (seeds, etc.) based on factual, verifiable criteria. In this case, these criteria must be communicated in advance. Otherwise team assignments should be made uniformly at random as much as possible.

For the basketball A tournament at Unicon, the following requirements are added.

The tournament structure and the general schedule must be communicated to the team captains at least one week before the first day of the tournament.
A direct elimination game shall last at least 20 minutes, with clock stops respected at least in the last two minutes of the game.
If the number of teams permits, there must be at least semi-finals, a third-place game, and a final.
The finals shall be played in full (4 periods of 10 minutes), with all clock stops.

Body

The new rule provides restrictions on the game format, and general (and Unicon specific) guidelines for the tournament format.

Note to all: I added a restriction on the number of periods.

References

Proposal 132: Separate the Junior and Adult Competitions clearly

Committee: 11 & 12. Trials

Vote Summary:

Passed on August 08, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

7 out of 8 voting members have voted.

Agree: 5, Disagree: 2, Abstain: 0.

Background

Proposal

// OLD

11D.4 Age Groups

/// NEW

11D.4 Categories and Age Groups

*Competitors are divided up into different categories for the purpose of awarding prizes.
Rider age groups are composed of the following categories:
Kids, for riders aged 0-9
Junior, for riders aged 10-15
Adult, for riders aged 16-34
Senior, for riders who are equal to or older than 35*

~~The minimum number of competitors in a category must be 3, otherwise it will be blended~~
~~with another category at the discretion of the director. Please refer to 1C.7.2 for more~~
~~information on merging age groups.~~ / to be removed

*this section is subject of a different proposal

______________________________________________________________________________

/// OLD

11D.11 Final

When the competition has been completed, the top riders for male and female would
compete in the Final round for the championship. The minimum number of top riders
would be 6 for each male and female with the upper limit up to the host. If there are
fewer than 6 competitors in the highest level category, no Final is necessary. The results
from the prelims will be taken as the Final results and the top rider will be declared the
champion. There should be at least 6-10 additional lines that represent the difficulty
of the top riders. Male and female Finalists may have different lines depending on the
overall ability of each group.
In the Finals, long lines with multiple skills can be built completely new or combined
from existing lines which were used in the preliminaries. The host should take attention
that the lines for the Final are close together and on a place that is good for spectators.
Depending on the used obstacles, there should be 20 - 30 minutes of competition time
for each group. Between the competition and the Final should be a minimum of a 1-hour
delay, or on another day.

/// NEW

11D.11 Final

When the competition has been completed, the top riders in each category would
compete in a Final round for the championship. The minimum number of top riders
would be 6 for each category with the upper limit up to the host. If there are
fewer than 6 competitors in the highest level category, no Final is necessary.
Having a Final in the Junior categories is also optional. The results
from the prelims will be taken as the Final results in these cases.
There should be at least 6-10 additional lines that represent the difficulty
of the top riders. Categories may have different lines depending on the
overall ability of each group.
In the Finals, long lines with multiple skills can be built completely new or combined
from existing lines which were used in the preliminaries. The host should take attention
that the lines for the Final are close together and on a place that is good for spectators.
Depending on the used obstacles, there should be 20 - 30 minutes of competition time
for each group. Between the competition and the Final should be a minimum of a 1-hour
delay, or on another day.

Body

- removing a paragraph in 11D.4 to not merge categories across different ages to guarantee a separate junior competition.

- changing the wording in 11D.11 to clearly mention a possible Junior Final and a fallback in case no Junior Final is done.

References

Proposal 121: Remove referencing to Muni Difficulty Scale

Committee: 4 & 5. Muni

Vote Summary:

Passed on August 10, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

8 out of 12 voting members have voted.

Agree: 7, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 1.

Background

Current Rulebook references to Muni Difficulty Scale seven times, while the Scale itself proved to not work satisfactory, is not in common use and the resources (website and calculator) are down.

Proposal

OLD RULE: 4D.1 Venue

Very dangerous sections should be secured (for example by removing sharp stones/branches from areas where riders are likely to fall/run into due to the physics of the course).

Downhill and Cross Country courses must be rated in advance by two people using the appropriate IUF Muni Difficulty Scale (see the IUF publication and online calculator). Ratings and their underlying data must be published at least seven days prior to the event.

NEW RULE: 4D.1 Venue

Very dangerous sections should be secured (for example by removing sharp stones/branches from areas where riders are likely to fall/run into due to the physics of the course).

At Unicons, Downhill and Cross Country courses should be selected by experienced expert riders using their subjective judgement. Detailed course description with character of technical sections should be provided and if possible supported by photo or video documentation as soon as the course is selected.

OLD RULE: 4D.1.2 Downhill

Downhill courses must be primarily downhill but may include flat or uphill sections. Recommended course length is 2.5 km, or 1 km at a minimum, depending on available terrain, trails and schedule time. The overall course difficulty must be rated with the Unicycle Downhill Scale. A minimum score of 20 points is recommended. Courses with scores below 15 points should be labeled “beginner downhill” for clarity.

NEW RULE: 4D.1.2 Downhill

Downhill courses must be primarily downhill but may include flat or uphill sections. Recommended course length is 2.5 km, or 1 km at a minimum, depending on available terrain, trails and schedule time. The course difficulty should match the skill of the riders at given event and should measure abilities to ride technical sections.

OLD RULE: 4D.1.3 Cross Country

A Cross Country course should be held primarily off-road but may consist of gravel and paved roads. There is freedom for the amount of downhill, flat and uphill sections, as long as the course is not primarily downhill or uphill.

Special recommendations for Unicon and Continental Championships:

There are four main categories based on distance and difficulty. The overall course difficultymust be rated with the Unicycle XC Scale. If multiple laps need to be completed, then the total distance is the basis for the rating.

Main categories:

1. Beginners: distance 3-7 km, max 15 points Unicycle XC Scale

2. Intermediate: distance 8-13 km, 16-21 points Unicycle XC Scale

3. Elite: distance 15-25 km, minimum 24 points Unicycle XC Scale, suggested to last 1h30min for fastest riders

4. Marathon: longer than 30 km, suggested to last 3-5 hours for fastest riders

The Elite category with subcategories Male and Female is required to be run. Other categories are run on the host discretion.

The Elite Cross Country course should be designed such that the fastest rider completes the race in about 1 hour 30 minutes, but never less than 1 hour. The course should be chosen such that geared riders do not have an undue advantage. Unrideable sections should be avoided to prevent riders from walking however uphill sections may include technical difficulties. Long and gentle uphills are preferred over short and steep ones. If only shorter trails are available, riders can be required to complete multiple laps of the course.

NEW RULE: 4D.1.3 Cross Country

Special recommendations for Unicon and Continental Championships:

There are three main categories based on distance and difficulty. The course difficulty should match the skill and fitness of the riders at given event.

Main categories:

1. Beginners: distance 3-7 km, designed for riders who have problems to ride over small obstacles.

2. Intermediate: distance 8-13 km, designed for majority of the riders with common Muni skills.

3. Elite: distance 15-25 km, designed for roughly 20-30 top world riders, suggested to last 1h30min for fastest riders

The Elite category with subcategories Male and Female is required to be run. Other categories are run on the host discretion.

Cross Country races that are longer than 30 km and that last minimum 3 hours for the fastest riders are called Cross Country Marathon or XC Marathon.

OLD RULE:4D.3 Communication

The host must publish two lists of results for each discipline after the competition: Age group based ranking and overall ranking (separating male/female).

If the hosts wish to include events other than the first three (Up, DH, XC), they must remember to provide detailed rules for these events at the same time the events are announced.

Details of all muni events must be published as soon as they are known. This is to provide competitors with the information they need to train, and to help them prepare the appropriate unicycles. These are major needs for attendees from far away. Necessary details depend on the event, but include things like course length, elevation and elevation change, steepness, level of terrain difficulty, amount of turns, riding surfaces, course width, etc. Course details should be published as soon as possible and a GPS-track must be published on the web site at least one month prior to the convention. Ratings of courses (using the IUF Muni Difficulty Scale) and their underlying data must be published at least seven days prior to the event. It is acceptable to publish tentative courses while waiting for permits to be approved, etc.

NEW RULE: 4D.3 Communication

The host must publish two lists of results for each discipline after the competition: Age group based ranking and overall ranking (separating male/female).

If the hosts wish to include events other than the first three (Up, DH, XC), they must remember to provide detailed rules for these events at the same time the events are announced.

Details of all muni events must be published as soon as they are known. It is highly recommended that photo or video documentation is also provided. This is to provide competitors with the information they need to train, and to help them prepare the appropriate unicycles. These are major needs for attendees from far away. Necessary details depend on the event, but include things like course length, elevation and elevation change, steepness, level of terrain difficulty, amount of turns, riding surfaces, course width, etc. Course details should be published as soon as possible and a GPS-track must be published on the web site at least one month prior to the convention. It is acceptable to publish tentative courses while waiting for permits to be approved, etc.

Body

The chapter 5 of Muni Difficulty Scale states that it is an experimental version which requires intensive testing.
It is already 10 years since publication, and since 2019 it is clear that the scale does not gauge properly.

MDS doesn't work for both XC and DH Courses. In both cases it assumes that steeper the slope, the more difficult section is. Which is not true in many cases, because in some grades, the gravity helps to roll over obstacles, and in other grades it adds to difficulty.

Example 1:
Flat beach with very loose sand - you will be struggling to ride 20 meters. / 45 degree volcanic slope with loose sand - easy ride.
Example 2:
Rock garden with roots, highest obstacle 20 cm. - in 45 degree downhill - easy, if flat - challenging, if uphill - unrideable

As the general awareness improved we can rely on the opinion of experienced riders.

As for comparability of different courses on different events - it was a good idea but it did not kick off.

Finally, the Scale was not in use by the major events - including Unicon 21.

As for communication - good description with photo/video documentation is worth more than Scale.

References

Proposal 128: Allow Course Marshall to compete.

Committee: 4 & 5. Muni

Vote Summary:

Passed on August 10, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

7 out of 12 voting members have voted.

Agree: 7, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 0.

Background

Although it is not directly prohibited, it is not directly allowed for Course Marshalls to compete.

The rule change is to include Course Marshalls in the rule that allows officials to compete.

Proposal

OLD RULE: 4C.5 Officials Can Compete

The Referee may not compete in any competition where they may be required to make a
decision. The Muni Director may compete, as long as the race course has been announced
early enough that the Muni Director does not have an advantage from knowledge of the
course.

NEW RULE: 4C.5 Officials Can Compete

The Referee may not compete in any competition where they may be required to make a
decision. The Muni Director or Course Marshall may compete, as long as the race course has been announced
early enough that they do not have an advantage from knowledge of the course.

Body

Current Rule:
4C.5 Officials Can Compete
The Referee may not compete in any competition where they may be required to make a
decision. The Muni Director may compete, as long as the race course has been announced
early enough that the Muni Director does not have an advantage from knowledge of the
course.

The Course Marshall is not included. The Course Marshall helps Muni Director to select racing course, and therefore it should be experienced expert rider, and those riders are usually wanting to participate in the race. If banned, they would not be willing to volunteer as Course Marshalls.

References

Proposal 134: Standarize use of Expert and Elite to match the rest of the rulebook

Committee: 4 & 5. Muni

Vote Summary:

Passed on August 10, 2025

Votes on this proposal:

8 out of 12 voting members have voted.

Agree: 7, Disagree: 0, Abstain: 1.

Background

The Muni rules currently inconsistently use the term "Elite" both for the top "World Champion" class and for the most competitive age group 19-29.

However, the IUF Rulebook defines the term "Expert" as the top class, which is used in most other disciplines.

Proposal

Old Rule:

4D.1.3 Cross Country

...

Main categories:
1. Beginners: distance 3-7 km, max 15 points Unicycle XC Scale
2. Intermediate: distance 8-13 km, 16-21 points Unicycle XC Scale
3. Expert~~Elite~~: distance 15-25 km, minimum 24 points Unicycle XC Scale, suggested to last 1h30min for fastest riders
~~4. Marathon: longer than 30 km, suggested to last 3-5 hours for fastest riders~~
The Expert~~Elite~~ category with subcategories Male and Female is required to be run. Other categories are run on the host discretion.
The Expert~~Elite~~ Cross Country course should be designed such that the fastest rider completes the race in about 1 hour 30 minutes, but never less than 1 hour.

...

New Rule:

4D.1.3 Cross Country

...

Main categories:
1. Beginners: distance 3-7 km, max 15 points Unicycle XC Scale
2. Intermediate: distance 8-13 km, 16-21 points Unicycle XC Scale
3. Expert: distance 15-25 km, minimum 24 points Unicycle XC Scale, suggested to last 1h30min for fastest riders
The Expert category with subcategories Male and Female is required to be run. Other categories are run on the host discretion.
The Expert Cross Country course should be designed such that the fastest rider completes the race in about 1 hour 30 minutes, but never less than 1 hour.

...

Old Rule:

5B.2 Unicycles and Categories
The host or event director may establish categories based upon ability. The categories should be named accordingly, if used: Beginners, Intermediate, Expert~~Elite~~. Expert~~Elite~~ is the only category which decides the overall champion.

New Rule:

5B.2 Unicycles and Categories
The host or event director may establish categories based upon ability. The categories should be named accordingly, if used: Beginners, Intermediate, Expert. Expert is the only category which decides the overall champion.

Old Rule:

5D.6 Race Configuration
It is suggested that the Expert~~Elite~~ race be close to 45 minutes in length and the Beginner/Intermediate races be close to 30 minutes in length.

New Rule:

5D.6 Race Configuration
It is suggested that the Expert race be close to 45 minutes in length and the Beginner/Intermediate races be close to 30 minutes in length.

Body

For consistency, my proposal is to replace the term "Elite" in the Muni and Cyclecross rules with the term "Expert" for the world champion class and retain "Elite" only for the age group 19-29. Note that this is already in line with many national muni races such as the Italian Muni Competition and the German Muni Competition which already use the term "Expert" (although NAUCC for North America uses Elite as in the current rulebook).

I would also eliminate the category "Marathon" as this term seems to have been seldom used in muni, the term marathon generally means a longer a less technical race but most importantly as the Expert class should be the "top" class determining the World Champion. With both Expert/Elite and Marathon classes, it is unclear which would be the World Champion.

References

Here the existing definitions:

1A.4: ... Age group winners can use the title `Age-Group Winner', and the term `World Champions' generally refers to winners of Overall, Finals or Expert class.

Winners in the Expert category of each event at Unicon are the World Champions. In the individual events, separate titles are awarded for male and female. Winners in the Jr. Expert category at Unicon are the Junior World Champions.

1D.1 Definitions

Expert: The top category in events that don't have a system to determine Finalists. When no other limitations are present, riders can choose to compete in this category against the other top riders. Limitations on this may be if top riders are chosen at previous competitions, such as national events, or if there is a limit on the number of competitors per country. The category is called Expert, and riders entered in it can be called Experts. The distinction of Experts over Finalists is that they are not chosen based on competition results at the current convention.

Junior Expert: Same as Expert, but open only to riders age 0-14. Riders in this age range may optionally enter Expert instead, to compete in the highest/hardest category.